Sci W3-4 WEATHER

• Climate


  The average weather condition in an area over a long period of time
• Weather


  The condition of the atmosphere in a certain area over a period of time
• Weather Forecast


  Prediction of what the weather will be like in an area
• PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration)


  Official weather bureau in the country
• Factors Affecting Weather Conditions

  • Air temperature
  • Air pressure
  • Clouds
  • Wind
  • Humidity
  • Precipitation
• Weather Disturbance


  Change in weather patterns / conditions in the atmosphere
• Tropical Cyclone


  A rapidly rotating weather disturbance generated over warm oceans
• Typhoon VS Hurricane VS Cyclone


  • Hurricane: Comes from the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific
  • Typhoon: Comes from the Northwest Pacific
  • Cyclone: Comes from the South Pacific and Indian Ocean
• Tropical Cyclone Categories

  • Tropical Depression : 61 km/h OR less
  • Tropical Storm : 62-88 km/h
  • Servere Tropical Storm : 89-117 km/h
  • Typhoon : 118-184 km/h
  • Super Typhoon : 185 km/h OR higher
• A tornado in Filipino is called "ipoipo"
• Approximately 20 typhoons hit the Philippines per year
• The Philippines is prone to typhoons due to the fact it's near warm ocean
• The rain of a Super Typhoon is not always stronger than a Tropical Depression
• Typhoon Signal Levels

  • Signal No. 1: 39-61 km/h in 36 hrs
  • Signal No. 2: 62-88 km/h in 24 hours
  • Signal No. 3: 89-117 km/h in 18 hrs
  • Signal No. 4: 118-184 km/h in 12 hrs
  • Signal No. 5: 185 km/h OR higher in 12 hrs
• What should you do for an upcoming typhoon?


  1. Listen to the news to be informed

  2. Prepare canned goods, medical kit, water, flashlight and batteries

  3. Put appliances or things that use electricity in high places to avoid electrocution
• What should you do during a typhoon?

  1. Do not panic

  2. Go to the nearest shelter if asked and needed

  3. Listen to weather updates

  4. Wear boots and avoid walking in flooded places so you won't get leptospirosis
• What should you do after a typhoon?

  1. Assess your surroundings

  2. Wait until it is safe to go out
• Air Temperature


  Measurement of how hot or cold the atmosphere is
• Temperature is usually higher during the day than at night because during the day the surface is exposed to the Sun's heat and during at night, we are not exposed to the Sun's heat but the surroundings tend to absorb the heat during day time
• Air temperature is measured using an air thermometer
• Greenhouse effect


  Occurs when certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere, known as greenhouse gases (e.g gas coming out of cars) trap heat from the sun & prevent it from escaping into space
• Air pressure


  The weight of the atmospheric air pressing down on Earth's surface
• The higher you go, the less the air pressure is
• Air pressure can be measured using a barometer
• Humidity


  Amount of water vapor in the atmosphere
• Humidity can be measured using hygrometers
• Wind


  Movement of air
• Air moves from places with higher to lower pressure
• Wind can be described using two properties, wind speed which is measured using anemometer and wind direction which is measured using wind vein
• Cloud Types

  • Cirrus: thin, white, feather-looking clouds
  • Cumulus: puffy, white cotton-looking clouds
  • Stratus: look like layers of gray sheets covering the sky
  • Nimbus: dark, low-lying clouds
• Precipitation


  Any moisture that falls from the atmosphere to the ground
• Types of Precipitation


  • Rain: precipitation in liquid form
  • Snow: frozen water vapor
  • Sleet: small ice pellets
  • Hail: frozen form of precipitation