diass (finals)

• Communication


  A process and a practice that is systemic, ongoing, and involves understanding meanings of things uttered by another person within an interaction
• Communication


  • Complex human activity
  • Responsible for passing on ways of life from one generation to the next
• Meaning


  The heart of communication, people understand words because of consensus or agreement on what they convey
• Meanings


  Can be suggested (implied) or literal (explicit)
• Communication


  A life activity that you cannot escape, dismiss, disregard, or ignore
• Communication


  Comes from the Latin word 'communicare' which means 'to share' or 'to divide out'
• Commune


  An English counterpart/variation of the Latin word 'communis' which means 'working together'
• Communication in the preliterate age involved the mere use of sounds to express a thought
• Core Values of Communication

  • Personal Identity and Health
  • Relationship Values
  • Professional Values
• Transmission Models


  View communication as a process of conveying a fixed quantity of information wherein the message is determined by the sender or source
• Ritual or Expressive Models


  Value communication in the context of a shared understanding and emotions among communicators
• Publicity Models


  Often used to understand advertisements as they take into consideration how their message would be received by the audiences
• Reception Models


  Concerned with how audiences understand or decode the message received
• Levels of Communication

  • Intrapersonal Communication
  • Interpersonal Communication
  • Small Group Communication
  • Public Communication
  • Mass Communication
• Areas of Specialization for Communication Practitioners

  • Journalism
  • Communication education
  • Public relations
  • Advertising
  • Media planning
  • Integrated marketing communication
  • Development communication
• Communication Practitioners


  • Suppliers of knowledge
  • Skilled communicators must be trained professionals
  • Have strong skills in writing, reading, speaking, and listening
• Journalism


  An influential knowledge-producing institution that helps people better understand societal issues and phenomena
• Forms of Journalism

  • Advocacy journalism
  • Broadcast journalism
  • Citizen journalism
  • Interactive journalism
  • Photojournalism
  • Development journalism
• Factors that influence news decisions


  • News factors
  • Institutional objectives
  • Manipulative power of news sources
  • Subjective beliefs of journalist
• Common Ethical Issues in Broadcast Media


  • Depiction of violence and sex and the presence of strong language
  • Product placement
  • Stereotyping
  • Taboos and sensitive content
• Common Ethical Issues in Film/Cinema


  • The welfare of those involved in the production of the film
  • The welfare of the subjects of the film
  • Making clear to the audience the purpose of the film
  • Accurate representations and reflections of reality
• Common Ethical Issues in Advertising


  • False advertising
  • Fraudulent use of propaganda techniques
  • Stealth advertising
  • Targeting children
  • Resorting to stereotype and gratuitous sexual content
• Common Ethical Issues in Public Relations


  • Bending or twisting the truth in favor of a good image
  • Preoccupation on facts and compromising context
  • Transparency in reporting the background of the PR client
  • Crossing over to advertising
• Common Ethical Issues in Social Research


  • Voluntary participation
  • Informed consent
  • Privacy through confidentiality
  • Privacy through anonymity
  • Person's right to service
• Clientele


  Consciously differentiate themselves from one another and do not regard themselves as mere groups, each public defines itself by affirming its loyalty to a certain group of publics
• Audience


  Merely reactive and responsive, does not intentionally and consciously regard himself or herself as an active stakeholder in the communication process
• Clienteles of Communication

  • Individuals
  • Groups and Organization
• Types of Communication in Groups

  • Task communication
  • Climate communication
  • Procedural communication
  • Egocentric/dysfunctional communication
• The Need for Communication

  • Individuals
  • Groups
  • Organizations
  • Communities
• Settings, Processes, Methods, and Tools in Communication

  • Industry/Corporate Practice
  • Government Service
  • Nongovernment Service
  • Academic Practice
• Research Agencies that Conduct Studies

  • Pulse Asia
  • Social Weather Station
  • AGB Nielsen
  • Kantar Media
  • Ibon Foundation
• New Media


  About interconnectedness, access to other new media users, interactivity, ubiquity, delocatedness, and diffusion
• Main Categories of New Media

  • Interpersonal communication media
  • Interactive play media
  • Information search media
  • Collective participatory media
• Social Media


  • Exponentially improved audience reach
  • Provides a cost-efficient way of making information more accessible to a wider audience
  • Establishing relationships even in great distances
• Aspects of the New Media Audience


  • They like to be engaged
  • They are busy
  • They like to be appreciated
  • They like to be treated as experts
• Categories of Social Media

  • Telecommunications
• Telecommunication has been a vital tool for different sectors of society, different infrastructures are being built for the production of goods and services
• Scams are abundant in telecommunication from phone calls to text messages, be vigilant in entertaining messages from unknown numbers
• "The best way to predict your future is to create it": 'A Gentle Reminder'