English (4th quarter)

• abstract - a brief overview of a research study
• Applied Research - Conducted to generate knowledge that influences or improves practice
• Basic Research - Research that tests theories
• Data - Information used as a basis for reasoning, discussion or calculation
• Dependent Variable - The concept that the researchers is most interested in understanding
• Independent Variable - The concept being studied that usually indicates the influence or cause: the one that the researcher is manipulating
• Hypothesis - A statement written by the researcher that states the relationship among or between variables
• Standard Deviation - A measure of spread; the average deviation of a group of scores from the mean
• Statistics - Mathematical tools based on the normal curve used to analyze data; it must match with research designs
• Statistical Significance - An important finding that did not likely happen by chance
• Research Design - The method for finding out what the researcher wants to know, experiment and correlate
• Variable - A quality of interests or concepts that can be manipulated, observed or studied
• Sample - A smaller group that represents population of interest
• Quantitative Research - Answer a specific research question by showing statistical evidence that the data may be addressed in a particular way (experimental)
• Qualitative Research - Trying to verify or generate descriptive theory that is grounded in the data gleaned from the investigation (naturalistic)
• Participants - Also called respondents, their characteristics and responses are the object of study in research
• Purpose of the study - specific research aims and objectives for the research
• Random sample - Everybody has the same chance of being assigned to any groups
• Definition - One of the most useful forms of writing
• Three parts of formal definition - the term being defined, the class it belongs to, and its distinguishing characteristics
• informal definitions explains an unfamiliar term using synonyms or antonyms
• Technical Definitions - describes or explains the meaning of a word or phrase based on the general references and other field of study sources
• Operational Definition - states or explains a definition of a word or phrase based on specific context. In terms of research, it explains or described how the term is applied or measured in the study