Animal Nutrition (5)

• What is nutrition?


  The way an organism obtains and uses food.
• What is autotrophic nutrition?

  An organism makes its own food.
• What is heterotrophic nutrition?

  The organism cannot make its own food.
• What are the 2 different types of nutrition

  Autotrophic and heterotrophic.
• How can a heerotrophic animal be identified as either a herbavore, carnivore or omnivore?

  Herbivores will have more molars and pre-molars.

  Carnivores and omnivores will have more canines.
• What is digestion?


  The physical and chemical breakdown of food.
• What is the difference between egestion and excretion?


  Egestion refers to food waste, and excretion refers to metabolic waste.
• Give 4 named examples of autotrophic organisms.

  Plants, algae, photosynthetic bacteria, and chemosynthetic bacteria.
• Name an example of a photosynthetic bacteria.

  Purple-sulfur bacteria.
• Name 3 example of a chemosynthetic bacteria.


  Nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
• What are the 2 different classes of heterotrophic organisms?


  Saprophytic and parasitic.
• What is the meaning of saprophytic?

  An organism that feeds on dead organisms.
• What is the meaning of parasitic?

  An organism that feeds on living organisms.
• What is the function of teeth?

  To break down food into smaller pieces to increase surface area for enzymes.
• What are the 4 types of teeth?


  Canines, incisors, molars and pre-molars.
• What is the function of incisors?


  For cutting and slicing.
• What is the function of canines?


  For gripping and tearing.
• What is the function of molars?


  For chewing and grinding.
• What is the function of pre-molars?


  For chewing and grinding.
• What are the 5 steps of digestion?


  Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.
• What is ingestion?


  The taking of food into the mouth.
• What is absorption?


  The process of small molecules passing from the digestive system to the blood.
• What is assimilation?


  The way the body uses absorbed food molecules (energy).
• What is egestion?


  The removing of unabsorbed food waste from the digestive system.
• How and where is chemical digestion carried out?

  In the mouth by the enzyme amylase.
• What type of gland are salivary glands?

  Exocrine.
• What is the function of lysozyme in saliva?

  To help to destroy microorganisms.
• What is the function of amylase in chemical digestion?


  To convert starch to maltose.
• WWhat type of carbohydrate is starch?

  A polysaccharide.
• What type of a carbohydrate is maltose?

  A disaccharide.
• What is the correct name for the throat?

  The pharynx.
• What is the function of the epigottis?

  To cover the trachea when swallowing food.
• What is peristalsis?

  Peristalsis is involuntary muscular contraction.
• What type of a muscle is the oesophagus?

  Involuntary food muscle.
• What shape is a sphincter muscle?

  Circular.
• What 3 substances are found in th stomach?


  Mucous, hydrochloric acids (HCl), and pepsin.
• What is the function ofmucous in the stomach?

  To protect the stomach from self-digestion, as it's made of muscle (protein).
• What is the function of HCl in the stomach?


  To kill bacteria and activate pepsinogen.
• What does HCl do for the stomach's environment?

  Gives the stomach a pH of 1-2.
• What is the functtion of pepsin in the stomach?

  To convert proteins into peptides.