8 speech

• Eight Parts of Speech


  • Noun
  • Pronoun
  • Adjective
  • Verb
  • Adverb
  • Preposition
  • Conjunction
  • Interjection
• Writing has a set of guidelines or rules, called grammar, that state what a participant can and can't do, thus making the activity easier and more enjoyable for everyone involved
• The eight basic parts of speech serve as the building blocks for writing
• Noun


  A naming word; it names a person, place, thing, or quality
• Types of Nouns


  • Common
  • Proper
  • Collective
  • Abstract
  • Concrete
• Pronoun

  A word that can serve as a substitute for a noun
• Types of Pronouns


  • Personal
  • Possessive
  • Demonstrative
  • Interrogative
  • Relative
  • Indefinite
• Adjective

  A word that describes a noun or pronoun; it makes the noun or pronoun more definite
• Types of Adjectives


  • Common
  • Proper
  • Demonstrative
  • Indefinite
  • Interrogative
  • Possessive
  • Comparative
  • Superlative
  • Absolute
• Articles (a, an, the) are a special type of adjective that signal that a noun will follow
• Adjectives and adverbs (and the phrases they create) are sometimes called modifiers
• The easiest way to distinguish between an adjective and a pronoun is to consider what the word is doing in the sentence - if it's replacing a noun, it's a pronoun; if it's describing a noun or pronoun, telling or asking which, or showing ownership, it's an adjective
• Absolute adjectives cannot be made comparative or superlative because they describe a state that either is or isn't
• Absolute adjectives


  • correct
  • equal
  • exact
  • honest
  • perfect
  • square
  • unique
  • wrong
• Adjective


  Describes a noun or pronoun, tells or asks which, or shows ownership
• Pronoun


  Replaces a noun
• The easiest way to distinguish between adjectives and pronouns is to consider what the word is doing in the sentence
• Adjectives often come right before the noun they describe, while pronouns often follow a verb
• Verb


  A word that expresses action or helps to make a statement
• Types of verbs


  • Physical action verbs
  • Mental action verbs
• Linking verb


  Links the subject to another word in the sentence, providing more detail about the subject
• Common linking verbs


  • be
  • seem
  • feel
  • smell
  • look
  • sound
  • taste
  • appear
  • remain
  • grow
• Helping verb


  Gives the main verb more meaning by conveying a more specific sense of time
• Common helping verbs


  • be (all forms)
  • has
  • have
  • had
  • shall
  • will
  • would
  • can
  • could
  • may
  • might
  • must
  • do
  • did
  • does
• The verb to be can be used as both a linking verb and a helping verb
• Verb phrase


  A verb containing more than one word, always containing one or more helping verbs
• Adverb


  Normally describes or explains a verb, but can also describe or explain an adjective or another adverb
• Questions adverbs can answer


  • Where?
  • When?
  • How?
  • How much or how long?
• Comparative adverb


  Compares two things
• Superlative adverb


  Compares three or more things
• Preposition


  A word used to show the relationship of a noun or pronoun to some other word in a sentence
• Types of relationships prepositions can indicate


  • Positional
  • Logical
  • Time
• Single-word preposition


  A preposition that is a single word
• Compound preposition


  A preposition that is more than one word
• Prepositional phrase


  Composed of a preposition, its object, and any words in between. Can function as an adjective or adverb
• Prepositional phrases can answer the questions "where?" and "which one?"
• Conjunction


  A word that joins words or groups of words, and can also show relationships between ideas
• Types of conjunctions


  • Coordinating
  • Correlative
  • Subordinating
• Coordinating conjunctions


  • and
  • but
  • for
  • nor
  • or
  • so
  • yet
• Correlative conjunctions


  • either/or
  • both/and
  • neither/nor
  • not only/but also
  • just as/so