ANAPHYSIO ALL

• Anatomy


  The study of the human body
• Physiology


  The study of the function of the part
• Levels of organization


  • Atoms
  • Molecules
  • Macromolecules
  • Organelles
  • Cells
  • Tissue
  • Organs
  • Organ systems
  • Organisms
• Atoms


  • Most simple
  • Compose all substances
  • Chemical elements
• Molecules


  Atoms joined together
• Macromolecules


  Molecules joined together
• Organelles


  Tiny structures found in cells that perform cellular functions
• Cells


  • Macromolecules found in all cells
  • Basic unit of all living things
• Tissue


  Composed of similar types of cells and performs a specific function
• Organs


  Groups of tissues working together to perform a specific function
• Organ systems


  Groups of organs that perform a particular function
• Organism


  • All the body systems make up an organism
  • Unicellular organism: made up of one cell
  • Multicellular organism: made up of many cells
• Homeostasis


  The relative constancy of the body's internal environment
• Types of homeostasis mechanisms


  • Negative feedback
  • Positive feedback
• Body systems


  • Support, movement, & protection
  • Physiology & coordination
  • Maintenance of body
  • Reproduction & development
• Integumentary system


  Protects tissue, regulate body temperature & contains sense organs
• Skeletal system


  Protects body parts, produce blood cells, stores calcium & phosphorus salts
• Muscular system


  Move voluntarily, respond to stimuli, produce body heat
• Nervous system

  Conducts nerve impulses from the sense organs to the brain and then to the muscles and gland
• Endocrine system

  Secretes chemicals that are messengers between body part, maintain proper functioning of reproductive system
• Circulatory (cardiovascular) system

  Transports nutrients and oxygen to cells through blood, removes wastes
• Immune (lymphatic) system

  Protects body from disease
• Respiratory system


  Bring oxygen into lungs and take carbon dioxide out of the lungs
• Digestive system


  Receive food and digest into nutrient molecules
• Urinary system


  Gets rid of nitrogenous wastes, helps regulate fluid level and chemical content of the blood
• Reproductive system


  Produce sex cells, nourish and protect fetus (female)
• Superior


  Above something else
• Inferior


  Below something else
• Anterior (ventral)


  Towards your front
• Posterior/dorsal


  Towards your back
• Proximal


  Closer to the trunk or attachment point
• Distal


  Farther from the trunk or attachment point
• Central


  Toward the brain or spinal cord
• Peripheral


  Away from the brain or spinal cord (toward the limbs)
• Superficial


  Close to the body surface (when looking from the inside towards the skin)
• Deep


  Closer to the inside of the body (farther from the surface of the body)
• Medial


  Towards the middle
• Lateral


  Away from the middle (towards a side)
• Supine


  Body laying face up
• Prone


  Body laying face down