Bio Plantae

• Cuticle


  A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants.
• Spore


  A reproductive cell with a hard, protective coating
• Seed


  plant embryo and a food supply encased in a protective covering
• Fruit


  Protects the seed and attracts insects and animals
• Ferns


  seedless vascular plants
• Non vascular plants


  Do not have roots and other structures that help with transporting water
• Monocot


  Single cotyledon seed, parallel veins in leaves, flower parts in multiples of 3, vascular spread out, fibrous roots
• Dicot


  Double cotyledon seed, branched veins in leaves, flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5, vascular organized, singular taproot
• Bryophytes


  A moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that inhabits the land but lacks many of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants.

  Had rhizoids and spores
• Pioneer plants


  the first plants to invade a bare area
• Vascular tissue


  Transport system
• Xylem


  Transports water up from the roots
• Phloem


  Transports water and sugars in different directions
• Vascular plants


  have tissues made of cells that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant, ferns, cone bearing, flowering
• Angiosperms


  Plants whose seeds are enclosed in the ovaries of flowers (fruit)
• Taproot


  primary root found in some plants that grows longer and thicker than other roots
• Fibrous root


  part of a root system in which roots branch to such an extent that no single root grows larger than the rest
• Root hairs


  tiny hair-like extensions that increase the surface area of the root allowing it to absorbs more water and nurtients
• Stomata


  Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
• What were some adaptations of first land plants

  resistance to drying - cuticle

  capable of conserving water

  capable of reproducing without water
• Advantages of plants on land

  access to sunlight

  more nutrients in soil
• gymnosperm


  any vascular plant that reproduces by means of an exposed seeds, relies on wind to pollinate
• seed plant

  embryos in seed

  A) ovule

  B) sepal

  C) ovary

  D) style

  E) stigma

  F) carpel

  G) stamen

  H) filament

  I) anther

  J) petal