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• Culture is the way of life a society or a group. it is made up of roles, statuses and customs they are taught by the agents of socialisation through informal and formal processes of social control. For example praise and criticisms or inclusion and exclusion. Culture is a social construct meaning that changes over time and is different with different societies/cultures.
• A subculture a small group within a larger or majority culture whose members shares norms and vues and patterns Of behaviour which differ from the mainstream. Examples include subcultures like the hippies, punks, and the gay community. Peer groups are the agents.
• The family is an institution where children are raised to become adults who can function as independent individuals but also contribute to society. The family has changed over time due to factors such as industrialisation, urbanisation, globalisation and technology. It is now more diverse than ever before. There are many types of families including nuclear, extended, single parent, same sex couples etc
• Social class


  People's position in society based on their wealth, income, education and occupation
• Reasons for social mobility


  • Meritocracy (people get what they deserve)
  • Equality of opportunity (everyone gets equal chances)
• Functionalist view


  • Social inequality is necessary for stability and consensus
• Conflict theorist view


  • Social inequality causes conflict and change
• Interactionist view


  • Focus on how we perceive others and ourselves
• Norms are a fundamental concept in the social sciences. They are most commonly defined as rules or expectations that are socially enforced. Norms may be prescriptive (encouraging positive behavior; E.g. greeting people upon meeting them
• Emile durkheim- functionalist, individual members of society need to feel a sense of social solidarity or belonging the education system creates this through transmitting society's shared culture e.g. leaning beliefs, values etc which creates secondary socialisation.
• School is a mini society where we learn to live and work together, we learn the impersonal rules which govern our behaviour, furthermore education teaches us the complex specialist skills we need so we can play our part in the complicated labour market.
• Parsons 1950-60- school acts as a bridge between family and wider society, where children can learn the universalistic and impersonal standards that apply to every1. In the child role is ascribed and wider society is achieved by how hard you work. school and society are meritocratic and we achieved according to our own individual efforts
• Davis and Moore- social stratification functions as a way of allocating roles what happens in school reflect what happens in wider society. schools select and allocates to their future work roles that they are most skilled to. Inequality is needed to allocate people to most appropriate role.
• What do businesses do? They satisfy customers wants and needs, create jobs for people.