Challenges of an Urbanising World

• Central Business District (CBD)


  The centre of a city where many offices and shops are located
• Commuter Village


  A rural village separate from the city but within commuting distance (by car, train, etc) for its residents to work in the city
• Counter Urbanisation


  Migration away from a city because of urban problems (crime, congestion, etc)
• Dereliction


  Where buildings are left unused or unoccupied
• Deindustrialisation


  A city with a declining economy and high levels of unemployment
• Formal Work


  Work agreed in a contract, with regular income and safe working conditions
• Informal Work


  Self-employed or temporary work, which provides a small wage and limited health regulations
• Integrated Transport


  A system that links different types of transportation to give commuters access to the whole city
• International Migration


  The movement of people between countries, for work or long term residence
• Lower Income Country (LIC)


  A country of low wealth and a limited level of development
• Megacity


  A city with a population greater than 10 million people
• Middle Income Country (MIC)


  A country of sufficient wealth and a good level of development
• Multicultural City


  A city that shares and encourages many different cultures and religions, besides the national culture
• Net Migration


  The total number of people entering minus the number of people leaving a country
• Population Density


  The amount of people per square area of land. It's a measure of how squashed together or spread out a population is
• Pull Factors


  Reasons why a person may feel attracted towards living in the city
• Push Factors


  Reasons why a person may feel they need to move away from a rural area
• Quality of Life


  The environment and community a person is part of, as well as their health and access to essentials
• Regeneration


  A city tries to change its appearance or reputation through new building constructions
• Remittance


  A family member living in a different country can send money back to their country of origin to support their family substantially
• Rural-Urban Migration


  Individuals move their homes from a rural area to the urban city, for work opportunities or a better quality of life
• Social Inequality


  The difference in quality of life between the highest income family and lowest income household
• Squatter Settlements


  Clusters of temporary housing which migrants or low income families live in, often built on unfavourable land
• Suburbanisation


  Migration to live on the periphery (suburbs) of a city or town
• Trans-National Company (TNC)


  A business with operations in more than one country
• Urban Sprawl


  The process of a city growing and spreading out, taking over surrounding greenfield land
• World City


  A city with global influence through politics, businesses or travel