English

• Setting - It is where the story takes place.
• Environment - This reffers to the surroundings or conditions within a particular place.
• Protagonist - This is the main character, around which

  the whole story revolves.
• Antagonist - This character, or group of characters,

  causes the conflict for the

  protagonist.
• More information is given

  about the protagonist,

  therefore, the audience

  empathize with him
• Conflict - is a literary

  device characterized by a

  struggle between two

  opposing forces
• What is the two categories of Conflict?

  Internal and External
• Internal conflict - a character struggles with their

  own opposing desires or beliefs.
• External Conflict - sets a character against something or someone beyond their

  control.
• Character vs. Self - The opposition the character faces

  is coming within.
• Character vs. Character - This is a common type of conflict in

  which one character’s needs or

  wants are at odds with another’s.
• Character vs. Nature - In a nature conflict, a character is set in opposition

  to nature.
• What is this plot diagram?

  1. Exposition
  2. Rising Action
  3. Climax
  4. Falling Action
  5. Resolution

  
• Character vs. Supernatural - It involves a protagonist engaging in a battle against an entity smaller or greater than oneself such as mythological creatures, ghosts, aliens or unexplainable unknown forces.
• Character vs. Technology - Portrays a protagonist in a clash against an advanced technological force such as artificial intelligence, robots/computers or other futuristic technologies.
• Character vs. Society - Involves a clash of individual beliefs, values

  or ethics with those associated with the community, government or culture.
• Inciting Incident - a moment that is the “hook” within the exposition—the exciting force that propels the exposition into action.
• First person - The narrator tells the story from his or her own

  perspective.
• Second person - Uses the pronoun "you" to immerse the reader in the experience of being the protagonist.
• Third person - The narrator is someone (or some entity) who is not a character in the story being told.
• Theme - The deeper message or central idea
• What literary period is this?

  Pre Colonial Period - Records were

  written on leaves, bamboo cylinder, bark of trees, and caves
• What literary period is this?

  Pre-colonial Period - Own alphabet

  known as Baybayin
• Baybayin - A pre-Hispanic Philippine writing system that was widely used throughout the islands before the arrival of the Spaniards.
• What are the literatures in Pre-Colonial Period?

  • Folktales (Myth, Legends, Fables, and Epics)
• Myth - provide explanation about the existence of something or someone
• Legend - A traditional story that describes the origin of things, place, location or name.
• Epic - These pertain to a type of a long narrative poem mainly focusing on the heroic achievements and deeds of the main character
• Folk Songs - These can be considered as the oldest forms of Philippine literature that mirror the culture which expresses hopes, aspirations, lifestyles, and emotions of early Filipinos. Some examples are kundiman, kumintang, oyayi or hele and some drinking songs.
• Riddles draw their subjects from everyday life, and they are used to test wit, ingenuity, and imagination.
• Proverbs - Are terse statements of practical wisdom based on long experience and observations about life.
• Idioms - Filipino/Tagalog idioms are often comprised of a group of words with a meaning that has nothing to do with any of the words in the phrase.
• What literary period is this?

  Spanish Period - The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
• What literary period is this?

  Spanish Period - Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan
• Name the first books in Spanish Literary:

  • Ang Doctrina Christiana
  • Nuestra Señora del Rosario
  • Libro de los Cuatro, Postprimeras de Hombre
  • Ang Barlaan at Josephat
  • The Pasion
  • Urbana at Felisa
  • Ang Mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalms for Mary)
• What movement is this?

  The Propaganda Movement - This movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-class like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno.
• Jose Rizal - Known as LaongLaan and Dimasalang. He wrote the books Noli Me Tangere, El filibusterismo, at Mi Ultimo Adios
• When was period of Enlightenment?

  1872-1898
• What did the authors in Period of Enlightenment write about?

  They wrote against the goverment to get equal treatment for Filipinos and Spaniards under the law.
• When was the American Period?

  1898-1941