Reproduction

• What is reproduction?

  factors or concerns involving conception, pregnancy, and childbirth
• When does fertilization occur?

  between a few minutes to 5 days after intercourse
• when does implantation occur?

  between 5 to 15 days after intercourse
• when do pregnancy symptoms start to occur ?

  commonly 2-4 weeks after intercourse
• How long does the menstrual cycle approximately last?

  21- 35 days
• What is menstruation and how long does it typically last?

  the shedding of the endometrium lining and 3-7 days
• What happens in the follicular phase?


  - estrogen and follicle stimulation hormone rise

  - several eggs mature inside follicles
• What occurs during ovulation?


  - there's a surge in LH and estrogen

  - egg is released

  - lasts 24 hours
• What occurs during the luteal phase?


  - corpus luteum produces estrogen and progesterone

  - prepared to support a pregnancy
• List the reproductive hormones.

  - gonadotropin releasing hormone

  - estrogen

  - progesterone

  - FSH

  - LH

  - testosterone

  - HcG
• What should you assess in a reproductive assessment for a female?


  - health history

  - urinary symptoms

  - reproductive cancer family hx

  - STIs

  - pelvic exam

  - self breast exams
• What should you assess during a reproductive assessment for a male?


  - health hx

  - urinary symptoms

  - reproductive cancer family hx

  - STIs

  - testicular exam
• Diagnostic tests for reproductive system

  - pap smear

  - ultrasound

  - vaginal, penis, rectal swabs for STIs

  - fertility, pregnancy- related serum labs
• What are some risk factors for alterations in function of the reproductive system?

  - diabetes

  - hypertension

  - obesity

  - smoking

  - unprotected sex

  - untreated STIs
• Alterations in function of reproductive system include:

  - infertility

  - genital abnormalities

  - urinary abnormalities

  - sexual dysfunction