Organismal Biology

• Kingdom Animalia

  A) With backbone

  B) without backbone

  
• • All stamens -androecium
  • All carpels -gynoecium
  • All petals -corolla
  • All sepals -calyx
• ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION - Vegetative Propagation

  • involves the generation of new individuals without the involvement of seeds
  • is a process in which plants reproduce from stems, roots and leaves
• Rhizomes

  • ginger, turmeric, lotus, and many types of ferns

  
• Tubers

  • potatoes, cassava, and dahlias.

  
• Bulbs

  • onion, garlic, allium, daffodil, tulip, amaryllis, grape hyacinth, Dutch hyacinth, Dutch iris, scilla, lily.

  
• Cuttings, Marcotting, Grafting

  
• Parthenogenesis

  • Modification of sexual reproduction.
  • Unfertilized egg develops into a complete individual.
• Some animals are monoecious (hermaphroditic).

  • Contain both male and female sex organs in a single body.
  • Majority practice cross-fertilization with other individuals. •Example: earthworms