speech science midterm pt1

• What are the 3 roles SLPs can take on?

  clinician, teacher and/or researcher
• what are the two broad categories that communication problems can be divided into?

  language and speech
• how are language communications problems categorized?


  they have to do with comprehension and linguistic rules
• how are speech communication problems categorized?


  they have to do with vocalization, production, perception
• what is speech production?

  generation of airflow by the lungs and the creation of air pressures by the displacement of anatomical structures
• what is speech science?


  the study of aerodynamics, acoustics, kinematics, dynamics and psychoacoustics of speech sounds and structures
• science


  system of knowledge covering the operation of general laws obtained an tested through the scientific method
• natural science


  a branch of science that deals with the physical world and its phenomena
• physics


  a branch of natural science that deals with matter, energy, motion, and force, as well as the physical processes and phenomena of a particular system
• acoustics


  a branch of physics devoted to the production, transmission and effect of sound - can differ by environments
• bioacoustics


  a combination of biology and acoustics in the study of production and perception of speech in animals including humans
• human speech


  a branch of bioacoustics
• aerodynamics


  airflow - movement of air & the forces used to generate the movements ex. respiration- diaphragm exhale, reduce volume
• kinematics


  study of motion, position, velocities and acceleration of body parts
• dynamics


  forces that cause movement like vocal fold vibration
• psychoacoustics


  relationship between physical properties of a phenomenon and our perception of these properties
• speech


  production of phonemes by structures of the vocal tract
• voice


  production of sound waves by vibration of the vocal folds
• m


  symbol for meter, measures length
• s


  symbol for second, measures time
• m2


  symbol for square meter, measures area
• N


  symbol for newton measures force
• Pa


  symbol for pascal, measures pressure
• Hz


  symbol for hertz, measures frequency
• kilo-


  metric unit for 1 thousand (10^3)
• milli-


  metric unit for 1 thousandth (10^-3)
• mega-


  metric unit for 1 million (10^6)
• mass


  amount of matter in an object, impacts frequency and vibration
• force


  any influence that causes an object to undergo a change in speed, direction or shape (equilibrium of diaphragm or vocal fold contraction)
• weight


  force of gravity on an object
• volume


  quantity of three dimensional space occupied by a liquid solid or gas
• density


  mass per unit of volume (air molecules)
• speed


  distance traveled in. given unit of time (wavelength)
• velocity


  distance traveled in a given unit of time in a specific direction
• acceleration


  change in velocity as a function over time
• inertia


  resistance of any physical object to a change in its state of option or rest
• elasticity


  property of a material that returns to its original shape after it has been deformed by an external force
• stiffness


  resistance of an elastic body to deformation by an applied force
• deformation


  change in the shape or size of an object due to an applied force
• strain


  relative amount of deformation undergone by an object