biology - monoclonal antibodies

• describe the steps in producing monoclonal antibodies

  • inject mammal with antigen
  • select b-lymphocytes
  • fuse with tumour/myeloma cells to create hybridoma cells
• explain an advantage of using monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer

  • antibodies attach to cancer cells
  • no adverse effect on non-cancerous cells
• who first developed vaccinations

  Edward Jenner
• explain how monoclonal antibodies are used for pregnancy tests

  • coloured bead attatched to a monoclonal antibody
  • antibody binds to HCG hormone in the urine
  • immobile antibody at test strip
  • colour accumulates in positive test window
• which type of cell is added to b-lymphocytes to prooduce hybridoma

  cancer cell
• explain why a monoclonal antibodies used to detect antigens for blood group A, wouldn't work for blood group B

  • shape of antibody is complementary to A antigen
  • B antigen has a different shape
  • only bind to A antigen and not B antigen