Cell structure

• Similarities between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells:

  • contains organelles
  • cell surface membrane is made up of phospholipids
  • Bilayer controls passage of substance exchange
• Differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells:


  • Prokaryotes = single celled
  • Eukaryotes = multi cellular
  • Prokaryotes = binary fission
  • Eukaryotes = meiosis/mitosis
  • Prokaryotes = 0.1-5um
  • Eukaryotes = 10-100um
• Structure of Plasma membrane: 


  • phospholipid bilayer
  • made up of : glycerol molecule, 2 fatty acids, phosphate
  • Proteins and cholesterol embedded
• Function of Plasma membrane:

  • Proteins - act as receptors so cell responds to external environment
  • controls passage of organic molecules, ions, water, oxygen in and out of the cell
  • waster products (CO2 + NH3)leave the cell through plasma membrane
• Structure of the Nucleus 


  • Nuclear envelope
  • Nuclear pore
  • Chromatin
  • Nucleolus
  • nucleoplasm
• What is the Nuclear envelope?

  a double-membrane structure with pores
• What is the function of the Pores?


  to control passage of ions, molecules, RNA between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm
• What is the Nucleoplasm


  a semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus where you would find the nucleolus and chromatin
• DNA in the Nucleus:

  the nucleus contain linear chromosomes
• What is the Nucleolus?


  An area within the nucleus. Also called nucleoli as plural
• Function of Mitochondria:


  produces ATP via aerobic respiration
• Structure of Mitochondria

  • oval-shaped
  • double membrane
  • contains ribosomes and DNA
  • bilayer embedded with proteins
  • cristae
  • mitochondrial matrix
• What is the Cristea

  the folds in the inner layer of the membrane
• What is the mitochondrial matrix function

  it contains enzymes for respiration
• Function of Chloroplasts:


  • To carry out photosynthesis
  • this happens in the chloroplasts and allows plants to make their own food
• Structure of Chloroplasts:


  .

  • have their own DNA, ribosomes and inner and outer membrane
  • thylakoids
  • granum or grana (plural)
  • lamellae
  • stroma
• what is a thylakoid:

  a set of interconnected and stacked fluid-filled membrane sacs found in the space enclose by the inner membrane
• what is a granum:

  a stack of thylakoids
• what is a lamellae:


  the flat, thin part of the thylakoid membrane
• what is the stroma:

  the fluid enclosed by the inner membrane that surrounds the grana