Pharm final

• what are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?

  Redness, Swelling, Heat, Pain, Loss of function (cell or limb)
• what are the two phases of inflammation?

  vascular and delayed
• what is the vascular stage of inflammation?

  10-15 min after injury. vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, blood substance move from the plasma to the injury.
• what is the delayed phase of inflammation?

  leukocytes infiltrate the tissue.
• what do prostaglandins do during inflammation?

  vasodilate, relax smooth muscle, increase capillary permeability, increase pain sensation.
• what does cyclooxygenase (COX-1, COX-2) do during inflammation?

  COX 1: Protect stomach lining + regulate platelets

  COX 2: trigger inflammation and pain
• what are aspirin and Diflunisal (Dolobid) examples of?

  NSAIDS (salicylates)
• What type of NSAIDS are Dipentum and Sulfasalazine?

  Salicylate derivatives
• What type of NSAIDS are Indomethacin (Indocin), Clinoril and Tolectin?

  Parachlorobenzoic Acids (Indoles)
• What type of NSAIDS are Voltaren, Voltaren XR, Toradol?

  Phenylacetic Acid
• what type of NSAID are Nalfon, Ansaid, Motrin, AdGil, Naprosyn, and Daypro?

  Proponic Acid
• what type of NSAIDs are Meclomen and ponstel?

  Anthranilic Acids (Fenemates)
• what type of NSAIDS are Feldene and Mobic?

  Oxicams
• what type of NSAID is Relefan?

  Naphthylakanones
• what type of NSAID is Celebrex?

  COX-2 Inhibitor, 2nd gen
• who cant take aspirin

  People with hypersensitivity to salicylates, NSAIDS, FLU/Virus symptom children, 3rd trimester pregnant.
• What happens when children with FLU or virus symptoms take aspirin?

  Reye’s syndrome: swelling in brain and liver damage.

  Presents as confusion
• What are nursing considerations for Aspirin?

  Dont take with alcohol

  Disctont. 5-7 days prior to surgery

  Take with food to avoid GI upset
• which symptoms of aspirin should be reported?

  drowsiness, tinnitus, HA, Flushing, dizziness, GI symptoms.
• in what conditions should you not stop aspirin before surgery?

  Stent, cardiovascular dx, stroke. (UNLESS brain or spinal surgery- HAVE TO STOP)
• What is the max amount of mg for ibuprofen a day?

  3200mg
• What can aspirin be used for?

  anti pyretic, anti platelet, anti inflammatory
• Why does apirin have Gi side effects?

  Inhibits COX 1 which protects stomach lining
• what is important for propionic acid derivatives?

  dont give to pt with kidney dx can result in renal failure.
• What are nursing considerations for ibuprofen?


  Observe for bleed (especially with AC)

  Take with food reduce GI discomfort

  avoid using with asa or acetaminophen

  Avoid ETOH

  Inform dentists b4 procedure

  dont take while pregnant
• what NSAID can you safely take when you are pregnant or breast feeding?

  Tylenol (acetomenophen)
• what is NSAID proponic acid derivative black box warning?

  dont take with hx of cardiovascular dx or stroke because can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke.
• which NSAID is best for patients with ulcers or gastritis or stomach discomfort?

  COX 2 inhibitor (cerebrex), Oxicams (Feldene)
• what are the side effects of celebrex?


  HA, dizziness, sinusitis, nausea, flatulence, diarrhea, rash
• what is the black box warning on cox-2 inhibitors?


  pt with cardiovascular history or stroke history should not use
• drug interactions with celebrex


  decreased effect of ACE inhibitors, increased INR and GI bleed with warfarin, May increase toxicity when used with Lithium, fluconazole, increase celecoxib levels.
• What are side effects of para-chlorobenzoic acids?

  May increase BP, sodium, water retention
• Which para-chlorobenzoic acids have less side effects.

  Sulindac(cilnoril), Tolmetin (Tolection)
• what is the first injectable NSAID 


  Toradol (Ketorolac Acid)
• which NSAID is contraindicated in Narcotic addiction

  Ketorolac Acid (Toradol)
• What is piroxicam for?

  Long term arthritic conditions
• what is diclofenac sodium (voltaren) for?

  decrease inflammation in RA, OA, Ankylosing Spondylitis
• what is Indomethacin (Indocin) for?


  RA, gouty arthritis, OA
• What is Infliximab (Remicade) for?

  To treat moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis and crohns disease.
• what are the side effects of Infliximab (Remicade)

  HA, Dizziness, Cough, Fatigue, Hot flashes, Anxiety, Insomnia, D/V/C, Rash, Alopecia, Urinary frequency