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• World Health Assembly adopted resolution WHA 30:43 with a social target of governments and of WHO should be attainment of Health by all the people of the world by the year 2000


  May 1997
• The International Conference on PHC was held at Alma Ata, USSR with a popular declaration that PHC is the key to attain the global goal


  September 6-12, 1978
• Global Goal


  Health for All by the year 2000 through Self-Reliance
• The conference was sponsored by the WHO and UNICEF
• Health is a basic fundamental right
• Global burdens of health inequalities among populations
• Economic and Social development is needed in attaining Health for All
• Government have responsibility for health of the people
• Letter of Instruction #949 by President Ferdinand E. Marcos was issued


  October 19, 1979
• It mandated, then Ministry of Health to adopt Primary Health Care as an approach in the health care delivery
• Goal of Primary Health Care

  Health for all through self-reliance
• 3 Main Objectives of Primary Health Care


  • Promotion of Healthy Lifestyles
  • Prevention of diseases
  • Therapy for existing condition
• Underlying theme of LOI 949: Health in the hands of people by 2020
• 5 Key Elements to Achieve the PHC Goal by WHO


  • Reducing exclusion and social disparities in health
  • Organizing health services around people's needs and expectations
  • Integrating health into all sectors
  • Pursuing collaborative models of policy dialogue
  • Increasing stakeholder participation
• Primary Health Care


  An essential health care based on scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community by means of acceptable to them through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford at every stage of development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination
• Essential Health Care


  • Education for Health
  • Local disease control
  • Essential drugs
  • Maternal and child health
  • Expanded Program on Immunization
  • Nutrition Program
  • Treatment of CD and NCD
  • Sanitation, especially safe water supply
• Accessibility of Health Care


  • Geographic accessibility
  • Cultural accessibility
  • Financial accessibility
• Concept of Primary Health Care is characterized by partnership and empowerment of the people
• Partnership and Empowerment


  Considered as the CORE strategy in the effective provision of essential health services that are community based, accessible, acceptable, and sustainable at all cost which the community and the government can afford
• Empowerment


  People are able to transform to address health needs and problems
• RA 9173 - Philippine Nursing Law, RA-7160 - Local Govt. Code of 1991 (Devolution of Health Services)
• Partnership


  Includes the full participation and active involvement of the community towards development of elf-reliant people
• Organizational Strategy


  Calls for active and continuing partnership among the communities (Either private and government agencies in health and development)
• Principles of Primary Health Care


  • Accessibility
  • Availability
  • Affordability
  • Acceptability
  • Appropriate
• Strategies for Principle 1 (4 A's of Health Services)


  • Health services were delivered where the people are
  • Use of indigenous volunteer health worker as health provider
  • Use of traditional and alternative (herbal) health care
• RA 8423 or the "Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997" created the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC)
• Traditional Medicines


  The sum total of knowledge, skills and practice on health care, not necessarily explicable in the context of modern, scientific philosophical framework, but recognized by the people to help maintain and improve their health towards the wholeness of their being, the community and so and their consciousness
• Alternative Health Care Modalities


  Other forms of nonallopathic, occasionally nonindigenous or imported healing methods, though not necessarily practiced for centuries nor handled down from one generation to another (e.g. Reflexology, acupressure, chiropractics, nutritional therapy)
• 10 Herbal Plants Approved by DOH


  • Santa-Lubby
  • Sambong
  • Ampalaya
  • Niyog-niyugan
  • Tsaang Gubat
  • Akapulko
  • Lagundi
  • Ulasimang Bato
  • Bayabas
  • Bawang
  • Yerba Buena
• 10 medicinal plants endorsed by DOH (approved by FDA) undergo several research that proves efficacy (e.g. Tawa-tawa to cure Dengue – still undergoing further studies)
• Support Mechanism


  • Health workers
  • Various NGOs or Civil Society Organizations (CSO)
  • Community
• Two Approaches for Multi-Sectoral Approach


  • Intrasectoral linkages
  • Intersectoral linkages
• Intrasectoral linkages


  Working relationships that include communication, cooperation, and collaboration within the health sector, among members of health team and among health agencies
• Intersectoral linkages


  Working relationships between the health sector and other sectors involved in community development, such as education, social welfare, public works, agriculture
• Strategies for Community Participation


  • Awareness building and consciousness raising on health and health related issues
  • Selection of community health workers by community people
  • Mass health campaigns and mobilization to combat health problems
  • Establishment of community health organization
• Strategies for Equitable Distribution of Health Resources


  • DOH spearhead programs to ensure equitable distribution of manpower to the rural areas
  • "Doctor to the Barrios Program" (DTTB)
  • "Registered Nurses Health Enhancement and Local Services" (RN HEALS)
• Appropriate Technology


  The technology that is suitable for the community that will use it (also called "people's technology" or "indigenous technology")
• Criteria of Appropriate Technology


  • Safety
  • Effectiveness
  • Affordability
  • Simplicity
  • Acceptability
  • Feasibility and Reliability
  • Ecological Effects
  • Potential to Contribute to Individual and Community Development
• Determinants of Success for Primary Health Care


  • Knowledge and Capacity
  • Human Resources for Health
  • Financing
  • Technology
• Knowledge and Capacity


  Information is an essential element of self-sufficiency, Shared leadership and participatory governance, Community organizing