nutr exam 3

• different types of blood cells


  red, white, platelets
• consequences of anemias (nutritional consequences)


  development of headache, fatigue, lethargy, apathy, exertional dyspnoea, palpitations and tinnitus
• functions of white blood cells


  Defend against pathogens

  Remove toxins and wastes

  Attack abnormal cells
• function of red blood cells

  transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
• function of platelets


  blood clotting
• how much blood do humans have

  5 liters
• blood cells L


  2
• plasma L


  3
• Vitamin K's function


  helps to make various proteins that are needed for blood clotting and the building of bones.
• vitamin K consequences of deficiency


  Health problems that can prevent your body from absorbing vitamin K, such as gallbladder or biliary disease, cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, and Crohn's disease. Liver disease. Taking blood thinners,
• How is Vitamin K synthesized

  by bacteria in the large intestine
• the importance of Vitamin K in infants


  Vitamin K is needed for blood to clot normally. Babies are born with very small amounts of vitamin K in their bodies which can lead to serious bleeding problems.
• dietary sources of folate


  orange juice, green leafy vegetables, legumes
• dietary sources of folic acid


  supplements, enriched grains
• folate and folic acid difference


  The synthetic form of folate is folic acid. It's in an essential component of prenatal vitamins and is in many fortified foods such as cereals and pastas.
• function of folate in the body


  Coenzyme for the synthesis of DNA and formation of red blood cells
• consequences of deficiency of vitamin K


  significant bleeding, poor bone development, osteoporosis, and increased cardiovascular disease.
• dietary sources of vitamin B12

  animal products
• functions of vitamin B12


  DNA synthesis, odd chain fatty acid metabolism
• Digestion of Vitamin B12


  Must be bound to protein for absorption.
• heme iron in the diet


  Heme iron is found in meat, fish and poultry. It is the form of iron that is most readily absorbed by your body. You absorb up to 30 percent of the heme iron that you consume. Eating meat generally boosts your iron levels far more than eating non-heme iron.
• non heme in the diet


  Non-heme iron is found in plant foods like whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, and leafy greens.
• How is the absorption of non heme iron impacted by diet?


  Absorption of nonheme iron is markedly influenced by the levels of iron stores and by concomitantly consumed dietary components.
• What factors affect iron absorption?


  Phytates and fibres found in wholegrains such as bran can reduce the absorption of iron and other minerals. Inadequate vitamin A in your diet could lead to iron deficiency because vitamin A helps to release stored iron. Calcium and phosphorus reduce the absorption of plant-sourced (non-haem) iron.
• How does iron function in red blood cells?


  About 70% of the iron in your body can be found in a protein in red blood cells called hemoglobin. Iron is essential in making hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells. These red blood cells help carry oxygen throughout your body.
• anemia


  lack of a normal number of red blood cells
• Maximal Heart Rate


  220-age
• MHR initial program


  a x 0.5 & a x 0.65
• carbohydrate loading


  the practice of greatly increasing carbohydrate intake and decreasing exercise on the days immediately before a competition
• anorexia nervosa


  an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves
• bulimia nervosa


  an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
• binge eating disorder


  significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt
• pica


  compulsive eating of nonnutritive substances such as clay or ice
• night eating syndrome


  Consuming a third or more of daily food intake after the evening meal and getting out of bed at least once during the night to have a high-calorie snack. In the morning, individuals with night eating syndrome are not hungry and do not usually eat breakfast. These individuals do not binge during their night eating and seldom purge.
• orthorexia


  obsession with healthy eating
• What is the Female Athletic Triad?


  Exercising a lot and not eating enough calories can cause problems like a decrease in the hormones (such as estrogen) that help control a girl's monthly cycle.
• What are the consequences of the Female Athletic Triad?


  Low estrogen levels, poor nutrition, and not enough calcium or vitamin D in the diet cause bone loss.
• hunger


  The physical need for food
• food insecure


  lacking in access to sufficient food for all family members
• famine


  an extreme shortage of food