Anatomical Terminology and Planes of Motion

• Anatomy is the structure if the human body.
• Physiology is the function of the human body.
• The levels of structural organization are chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, system level, and organism level.
• is when everything is pointing forward (head, eyes, palms, feet, and toes)

  Anatomical position
• -Three major planes

  -All 90 degrees to each other

  Anatomical Planes
• Toward the head, or the upper part of a structure

  Superior or cranial
• Away from the head, or the lower part of a structure

  Inferior or caudal
• Nearer to or at the front of the body

  Anterior or ventral
• Nearer to or at the back of the body

  Posterior or dorsal
• Farther from the midline

  Lateral
• Nearer to the midline

  Medial
• an imaginary vertical line that divides the body into equal right and left sides

  Midline
• On the same side of the body as another structure

  Ipsilateral
• On the opposite side of the body from another structure

  Contralateral
• Between two structures

  Intermediate
• Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the origination of a structure

  Proximal
• Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the origination of a structure

  Distal
• Toward or on the surface of the body

  Superficial or external
• Away from the surface of the body

  Deep or internal
• The action occurs in the plane perpendicular to the axis it moves about
• -Splits body to the front and back 

  -Looking at front or back

  Frontal plane
• -Splits body in top and bottom

  -Looking at top and underneath view

  Transverse plane
• Looking at body side by side

  Sagittal plane
• Any plane that is not 90 degrees perpendicular cut

  Oblique plane
• What is the axis of rotation?

  -Sagittal plane of motion

  -Flexion/Extension

  Medial-lateral "mediolateral"
• Decreases angle

  Flexion
• Increases angle

  Extension
• What is the axis of rotation?

  -Transverse plane of motion

  -Lateral/medial rotation

  Superior-inferior "vertical"
• Rotation:Away from midline

  Lateral rotation
• Rotation:Towards midline

  Medial rotation
• What is the axis of rotation?

  -Frontal plane of motion

  -Abduction/adduction

  Anterior-posterior "Anteroposterior"
• Swaying:Moving away from midline/body

  Abduction
• Swaying:Bring back towards anatomical position

  Adduction
• Combination of:Axes: Medial-lateral "mediolateral" and anterior-posterior "anteroposterior"Plane: Frontal plane and sagittal

  Circumduction
• Combination of: Axes: medial-lateral "mediolateral", superior-inferior "vertical", and anterior-posterior "anteriposterior"

  Gliding