UCSP MODULE 6

• Family


  Two or more people related by blood, marriage or adoption
• Family


  • Social and economic unit that consists of one or more parents and their children
  • Factory that develops and produces human personalities
  • Institution that passes down the cultural traditions of a society by the next generation
• Family


  • Shares common residence
  • Has presence of economic cooperation
  • Produce offspring
  • Include adults of both sexes wherein at least two of whom uphold a socially approved form of sexual relationship
  • Basic residential unit where economic, production, consumption, inheritance, child rearing and shelter are organized and carried out
• Marriage


  Socially or ritually recognized union or legal contract between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws
• Marriage


  A special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life; the foundation of the family and an inviolable social institution
• Endogamy


  Compulsory marriage in their own village, community, ethnic, social, or religious group
• Exogamy


  Marriage custom where an individual is required by social norms to marry outside their own group, community, or social classes
• Monogamy


  Both married partners only have one spouse
• Polygamy


  One individual has multiple spouses
• Types of Polygamy

  • Polygyny - one man is married to more than one woman simultaneously
  • Polyandry - one woman is married to more than one man simultaneously
• Patrilocal


  Married couple lives in the residence of his husband's father
• Matrilocal


  Man is expected to take residence in his wife's mother area
• Bilocal


  Newlywed couple stay with the husband's relatives and the kin alternately
• Neolocal


  Requires both spouses to leave their households and create their own at times even in a different locality
• Nuclear Family


  • Parents + offspring
  • May include a stepparent, stepsiblings and adopted children
• Single-Parent Families


  • 1 parent + 1 or more children
  • Consequence of divorce, separation, births to unmarried mothers, death of spouse, desertion
• Stepfamilies/Reconstituted Families


  • Family units where one or both members have children from their previous relationship
• Kinship


  Network of relatives within which an individual possesses certain mutual rights and obligations
• Types of Kinship


  • Consanguinity - kinship through bloodline
  • Affinity - kinship formed out of marriage or ritual
• Unilineal descent


  Child is automatically assigned to either his mother or father's group
• Patrilineal descent


  Children are automatically made members of the father's group
• Matrilineal descent


  Children are automatically made members of the mother's group
• Bilateral descent


  Children can be made members of all ancestor's groups
• Compadrazgo


  Ritual coparenthood due to ceremonies
• Padrinazgo


  Spiritual parenthood due to ceremonies
• Institution


  Enduring collection of rules and organized practices, embedded in structures of meaning and resources that are relatively invariant in the face of turnover of individuals and relatively resilient to the idiosyncratic preferences and expectations of individuals and changing external circumstances
• Institution


  Humanly devised constraints that affect human behavior
• Political Institution


  Organized way in which power is distributed and decisions are made within a society
• Political Entity


  Entity that is participating in a political processes
• Political institutions are created to maintain social order
• Power


  • Likelihood of achieving desired ends in spite of resistance from others
  • Can be Physical and Psychological
• Authority


  • Power to make binding decisions and issue commands
  • Necessary for a leader
• Legitimacy


  • Moral and ethical concept that bestows one who possesses power the right to exercise such since it is perceived to be justified and proper
  • Having authority does not mean having legitimacy
• Types of Authority


  • Rational-legal/Bureaucratic
  • Traditional
  • Charismatic
• Rational-legal/Bureaucratic Authority


  Legitimacy is derived from well-established customs, habits and social structures
• Traditional Authority


  • Legitimacy emanates from the charisma of an individual
  • Charisma is seen sometimes as "gift of grace" or possession of "gravitas" or authority derived from higher power
  • Enables one to be accorded authority despite of absence of cultural or legal justification
• Charismatic Authority


  • Draws its legitimacy from formal rules promulgated by the state through its fundamental and implementing laws
  • Most common way of legitimizing authority in modern states
• Centralized Political Institutions


  • Chiefdom
  • State
• Uncentralized Political Institutions


  • Leaders do not have any true power or authority to impose compliance to social norms
  • Equal distribution of power among members of society
  • Deviant members are subject to public scrutiny, scorn, gossip, and even banishment
• Band


  • Small kin-ordered group living together in a loosely defined geographical territory for a temporary time
  • Once resources are depleted, the band separates to small families
  • People have equal rights and share personal relationships; consensus based decision making