B1

Created by

Zaynab

Cards (57)

What is the function of the nucleus
It enclosed genetic material (DNA) in the cell. the dna controls what the cell does
What is the function of the cytoplasm
Watery solition where chemical reactions happen
What is the function of the cell membrane
It controls what goes in and out of the cell
What is the function of the mitochondria
Where most AEROBIC RESPIRATION happens
What does respiration do
It transfers energy
what’s the function of ribosomes
Sites of protein synthesis
What does a plant cell contain that an animal cell doesn’t
Cell wall, permanat vacuole and chloroplast
Function of cell wall 
Made of cellulose, it supports the cell and strengthens it
Function of permanent vacuole
Contains cell sap. It gives the cell its shape
What is the function of the chloroplast
Sites of photosynthesi. photosynthesis makes food for the plant
What is a eukaryotic cell
genetic material enclosed in the nucleus
Example of a eukaryotic cell
Animal and plant
What is a subcellular structure
Different parts of the cell
What is a prokaryotic cell
Genetic material isn’t enclosed in a nucleus
Example of a prokaryotic cell 
Bacterial cell
What do light microscopes allow us to do
Let us see large subcellular structures
Formula for magnifacation
Magnification= image size/ real size
What is differentiation  
Process by which cells change to become specialised
Adaptations OF A SPERM CELL
it has a long tail which helps it swim to the egg. It has lots of mitochondria which provide energy for swimming
Adaptayions if a nerve cell
long to cover more distance in the body. branches at the end to connect to other nerve cells
Adaptations of a muscle cell
They are long to have space to contract. lots of mitochondria which provide energy for contraction
Adaptations of a root hair cell  
They grow into long ‘hairs‘ that stick out into the soil this gives the plant a big surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions
Adaptions of pholem and xylem cells  
Both form tubes. to form tubes they are long and joined end to end. xylem cells are hollow and pholem have few sub cellular structures which gives it lots of space for minerals to pass through
How many pairs of chromosomes are in the human cell
23 pairs
Stages of mitosis
DNA replicates to form 2 copies of each chromosome. the cell also grows and copies its internal structures
2.) mitosis takes place one set of chromosome is pulled to each end of the cell the nuclus also divides
3.) cytoplasm and cell membrane divide into 2 identical cells
Why do cells differentiate
To become specialised
What is a stem cell
undifferentiates cell
What can embryonic cells be used for
What can embryonic cells be used for
To replace faulty cells in sick people
what is therapeutic cloning  
process of making an embryo the same gene as the patients
what are the risks of using stem cells in medicine
stem cell could be infected with a virus,
what are the arguments against stem cells 
people believe each embryo is a humans life. Others believe that curing patients who are sick is more important than the rights of an embryo.
what are meristems  
they are where growth occurs.
what do meristems contain  
they contain stem cells that can differentiate into any type of plant cell
what can meristems be used for  
used to mame clones
what can meristems of clones be made of  
rare species. Crop plants which are useful for farmers
what is diffusion  
diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
what is the difference in concentration called
concentration gradient
how can surface area of the membrane affect rate of diffusion
the larger the surface area the higher the diffusion rate. This is because more particles can pass through at the same time
how can stem cells be used to preserve rare species
copies of the plant can be made by taking stem cells from the meristem from the plant which can be used to clone the plant