CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS & PROTEINS

• Monomers are individual molecules that make up a polymer.
• • Polymers are long chains that are composed of many individual monomers that have been bonded together in a repeating pattern.
• • Condensation Reactions occurs when two molecules combine to form a more complex molecule with the removal of water.
• • Hydrolysis Reactions occurs when larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules with the addition of water.
• • Fatty acids can be:
  • Saturated – there are no double C=C bonds and the molecule has as many hydrogen atoms as possible.
  • Unsaturated – there is at least one double C=C bond
• Triglyceride molecule


  Formed by joining one molecule of glycerol to three fatty acids through three condensation reactions, forming ester bonds
• • A triglyceride molecule is formed by joining one moleculeof glycerol to three fatty acids through three condensationreactions, forming ester bonds.
• • Triglycerides have key roles inrespiration and energy storage due to its insolubility and high carbon to hydrogen ratio.
• • Triglycerides have key roles inrespiration and energy storage due to its insolubility and high carbon to hydrogen ratio.
• • The non-polar hydrophobic tails and the polar hydrophilic heads of phospholipids allow them to form phospholipid bilayers.
• draw alpha glucose and beta glucose
• • Disaccharidesaresugarsthatarecomposedoftwomonosaccharides joined together in a condensation reaction, forming a glycosidic bond.
• maltose is a disaccharide formed from the condensation of two glucose molecules
• sucrose is a disaccharide made of glucose and fructose
• lactose is a disaccharide made of glucose and galactose
• Polysaccharides are formed by many monosaccharides joined together.
• • Starch, made of the amylose and amylopectin is the main polysaccharide energy store in plants, is composed of α-glucose.
• • In animals, the polysaccharide energy store is called glycogen, composed of α-glucose.
• • Cellulose is a structural component of plant cell walls, composed of long unbranched chains of β-glucose.