Communication (SS)

• What is Communication?

  Communication involves the sending and receiving of information or ideas. It requires a sender to send a message that is received by a receiver
• Forms of Communication

  • Verbal Communication

  Any form of communication that uses words.

  • Non-Verbal Communication

  Any form of communication that does not use words. It includes facial expressions, gestures, painting and clothing.
• Factors Influencing Forms and Media Communication

  • Geographical
  • Sociocultural
  • Technological
• Geographical Factors

  1. The physical distance between the sender and receiver can make face-to-face communication impossible.
  2. Transmission for radio, TV or mobile phones can be interrupted by certain weather conditions or physical features such as mountains.
  3. At times satellites transmission can be affected by microwave radiation from the sun. This is called sun outage which resolves in the lost of signals.
• Sociocultural Factors

  1. Language differences can be a barrier to communication.
  2. Socio-economic factors can influence or determine the type of communication media a person is able to afford.
  3. A individual's level of education, physical or mental ability may also be an influence.
• Technological Factors

  1. In order for persons to use the latest technology they need to have access to the device and understand how it operates.
  2. Teleconferencing allows people to see and talk to one another through the use of specialised video equipment.
  3. Cell phone offer freedom of movement and convenience for users, since they can operate from anywhere within range of a transmitter.  
• Breakdown in Communication

  • Technical Factors
  • Geographical Factors
  • Human Factors
• Technical Factors - Failure of Equipment or Systems

  If the equipment or systems, facilitating the communication fails, then the communication will obviously breakdown.

  Such a breakdown can result from damage of infrastructure, running out of credit or postal strike.
• Geographical Factors

  Failure in equipment or interruptions in transmission through geographical factors, can also lead to a breakdown in communication.
• Human Factors

  1. Age difference between sender and receiver
  2. Gender difference
  3. Language difference
• Age difference between sender and receiver

  The generation gap sometimes sees people from different generations having different view points and values.
• Gender Difference

  In some cases, men and women have different priorities and different ways to communicate, this can lead to misinterpretation.  
• Language Differences

  Communicating among persons who speak different languages can be extremely difficult.
• Mass Media

  Communication that reaches a large audience is referred to as mass communication. Mass Media includes the internet, television, radio, magazine newspapers and billboards.
• Functions of Mass Media

  1. To keep people informed by providing news
  2. Provide a variety of entertainment
  3. Provide the public with facts and opinions about social issues and current events
• The Role of Mass Media in Regional Integration

  1. Radio and Television Stations
  2. Regional News Agencies
  3. Printing Establishments
• Radio and Television Stations

  Are able to transmit programs beyond country boundaries and therfore have the ability to provide regional links.
• Regional News Agencies

  A news agency is a news organisation with journalists base in several countries, who collect, write and edit news for transmission to media houses for printing or broadcasting.  
• Printing Establishments

  Although newspapers and magazines are produced in a particular country and aim to produce news related to that country, there are also able to carry reports of regional issues.  
• Promoting Regional Integration

  Mass Media is able to:

  • Provide Caribbean people with reports on events and issues from across the region.
  • Help to promote the Caribbean internationally by providing materials to international media.  
  • Promote cooperation between media houses within the region by sharing and exchanging information.
• Using communication technology to promote regional integration

  • Cell phones (Mobile Comm.)

  •Internet

  •Electronic Transfer
• Cell phones

  • So phone technology has revolutionize personal and business communication across the region.
  • Cell phones are becoming increasingly sophisticated and can be used for internet access, e-banking and e-mail.
• Internet

  The internet can promote regional integration by allowing people to:

  • Access the websites of regional newspapers
  • Buy and Sell products and services across the region
  • Arrange travel between different countries
• Effects of global media on Caribbean society


  Mass media communicate not just within the region, but around the globe. This allows for the transmission of Caribbean material to the rest of the world, but also opens the Caribbean up to media presentations from outside the region. It is important to be aware of the possibility that negative influences can also be imported from outside the region.
• Mass Media can help to promote Caribbean Regional Integration by:


  • Preserving our Caribbean identity by promoting Caribbean culture and Caribbean way of life

  •Encouraging culture creativity by producing and broadcasting local films, drama and music

  •Providing opportunities for Caribbean people to share their ideas, thoughts and feelings through regional radio and television
• Reducing the influence of global mass media in the Caribbean

  • Citizens are educated regarding the importance of preserving national culture

  • Local businesses are encouraged to support locally produced programs

  •Funding is provided to encourage more local production
• Cultural Heritage 


  This includes practices, ideas, beliefs that have been passed on to us from our ancestors.
• Transmitting and Transforming Caribbean Cultural Heritage 


  • Governments help provide assistance to individuals, groups and institutions that are involve in transmitting our cultural heritage

  • Individual artists and artists, as well as cultural groups, transmit or cultural heritage through various visual and performing art form

  •Institutions such as national trust, art galleries, archives and museums collect, store and display artefacts, works of art and historical records which help to revile our cultural heritage.
• how does CARIFESTA promote regional culture and integration?


  Carifesta promotes Caribbean culture and integration in different ways such as providing a platform for artists to showcase their work, fostering positive relationships through cultural diplomacy, creating economic opportunities. It is and essentially event that displays the diversity and unique qualities of the Caribbean.
• 3 functions of the copyright music organization of Trinidad and Tobago

  1. to manage and license collectively on behalf of music creators and their publishers.
  2. as well as international affiliates, the performing and reproduction rights
  3. strong advocate for the protection of musical works in T&T.