Nutrition final

• What is the major monosaccharide found in the human body?

  glucose
• Which of these is a complex carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by the human digestive process?

  fiber
• What is the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010?


  to help Americans choose an overall healthful diet
• How much moderate-intensity exercise is recommended in order to decrease an individual's risk of chronic disease?

  30 minutes per day
• What is an advantage of fat as a source of fuel for exercise?

  It supplies more than twice the energy of carbohydrates
• In the human body, when is glycogen synthesis greatest?

  immediately following exercise*
• what is the first step in the production of energy from food?

  anaerobic breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm
• a cell's genetic material is contained in its

  nucleus
• the primary functions of epithelial tissue in the lining of the respiratory tract are to


  secrete important substances, absorb nutrients, and excrete waste*
• what happens in the human body when too much Vitamin C is consumed via supplements?

  It is excreted in the feces and urine
• what substances manufactured by the endocrine glands act as chemical messengers in the body?

  hormones
• what is the term for the partially digested food mixture as it leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine?


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• how does the body regulate blood glucose levels after a meal?

  insulin is released from the pancreas
• which of these is the only animal-derived food that contains a significant amount of carbohydrates?

  milk
• which enzyme breaks down carbohydrate?

  amylase
• what product is formed as a result of the incomplete breakdown of fat when carbohydrates are not available to the body?


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• which type of fats can raise the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level in the blood?


  saturated
• which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

  blood pressure > 138/89 mg HG*
• if a 100-calorie serving of food has 10 grams of fat, what percentage of the calories in that food is fat?

  90%
• plant proteins are considered incomplete when they are missing which of these?


  essential amino acids
• edema can be caused by a lack of which substance in the bloodstream?

  protein
• the enzymatic digestion of protein begins in the

  stomach
• based on the RDA, how many grams of protein would a healthy 125-pound woman need daily?


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• which of the following is closely correlated with an increase in basal metabolic rate?

  having greater lean body mass*
• joe is 25 years old and weighs 154 pounds. What would be Joe's 24-hour estimated basal metabolic rate?

  1680 kcal/24 hours*
• which term refers to the minimum amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest?

  basal metabolism
• what theory proposes that everyone has a genetically determined body weight that is maintained through internal controls?

  set point theory
• in which list are all of the vitamins fat-soluble?

  Vitamins A,D,E,K
• what is the primary role of vitamin D in the body?

  to help regulate calcium and bone metabolism
• where is most vitamin A stored in the body?

  liver
• which vitamin is synthesized in the skin with exposure to UVB rays?


  vitamin D
• iron absorption is enhanced by the consumption of

  oranges
• why does an increase in energy expenditure require an increase in B complex vitamins?

  they are involved in carb, fat, and protein metabolism
• what compound is necessary for the absorption of Vitamin B-12?

  intrinsic factor
• how does sodium maintain appropriate fluid balance in the body?


  in osmosis, sodium acts as the major positive ion in the extracellular fluid*
• which mineral is important in regulating the human heartbeat?

  potassium
• goiter is caused by a deficiency of


  iodine
• while Jim was running a marathon he lost 2.5 pounds. How much fluid should Jim have consumed to prevent dehydration?

  50-60 ounces
• why does excessive intake of alcohol result in dehydration?

  antidiuretic hormone is inhibited by alcohol
• a decrease in urine output would likely be the result of a diet that is

  high in protein and sodium