Science

• What are the 4 biomolecules?

  •Carbohydrates

  •Lipids

  •Nucleic Acids

  •Proteins

     
• CARBOHYDRATES ARE SUGARS!

  We get 4 kilocalories per gram
• Starch

  •Used for energy storage in plants

  •Potatoes, pasta and rice are starches

  •They provide a quick form of energy for the body
• Glycogen:

  •Used for energy storage in animals

  •Formed in the liver
• Cellulose

  •Provides structural support in plants (found in the cell wall)

  •gives us fiber
• Chitin

  •Found in exoskeletens of arthropods (insects, spiders)

  •Found in cell wall of some fungi
• Lipids

  •are fat

  •we get 9 kcals per gram

  Of fat that we consume.

  •Function: Store energy, Insulates your body, and make up the cell membrane!

  •Elements: C-H-O

  •Example: Steroids, cholesterol, fats, Oils, Nuts, Waxes, and make up part of the cell membrane!
• Carbohydrates

  •Most common organic molecule

  •Function: Primary energy source our body needs

  •Glucose is the most common. •Elements present: C, H, O (1:2:1 ratio) •Example: Steroids, cholesterol, fats, Oils, Nuts, Waxes, and make up part of the cell membrane!
• Lipids are Hydrophobic (water fearing) and do not dissolve in water
• Saturated: The bonds between all the carbons are single bonds.

  •Solid at room temperature

  •Mainly animal fats (bacon grease, lard)
• Unsaturated: There is at least one double or triple bond between carbons present.

  •Liquid at room temperature
• Long strands of Carbon and Hydrogen

  Hydrocarbons
• Proteins

  • build us

  •We get 4 kcals per gram

  Of protein that we consume. 

  Functions

  •Transport molecules in and out of the cell

  •Control the speed of chemical reactions

  •Used for growth and repair

  Elements: C-H-O-N

  •Monomer (Building Block): amino acids (20 different ones!)

   

   
• Proteins make up the structure of living things…

  Hair, nails, skin, bones, muscle, etc
• Nucleic acid

  •These biomolecules are not 

  necessarily from food

  Function: 

  •Provide our genetic information

  •Holds the instructions to make proteins.

  •Elements: C-H-O-N-P

  •Monomer : nucleotides

  •A nucleotide is made up of:

  •Sugar

  •Phosphate

  •Nitrogen Base: A, T, G, C, or U

  •Polymer: DNA, RNA and ATP