SCIENCE 9 [SEMIFIN]

• Respiratory system


  Made up of organs in the body that can help us breathe
• Circulatory system


  Responsible for distributing materials throughout the body and the life support structure
• Trachea


  Empty tube that serves as the passageway of air into the lungs
• Bronchi


  Two branching tubes that connect the trachea to the lungs
• Bronchioles


  Hairlike tubes that connect to the alveoli
• Alveoli


  Airsacs that allow gas exchange in the lungs
• Inhale


  Diaphragm muscles contract
• Exhale


  Diaphragm muscles relax
• Major parts of circulatory system

  • Heart
  • Blood Vessels
  • Blood
• Heart


  Pumps the blood throughout the body
• Blood Vessels


  Carry the blood throughout the body
• Blood


  Carries the material throughout the body
• Types of blood vessels

  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
• Arteries


  Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
• Veins


  Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
• Capillaries


  The smallest blood vessel in our body
• Types of circulation

  • Pulmonary
  • Coronary
  • Systemic
• Pulmonary Circulation


  Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart
• Coronary Circulation


  Movement of blood through the tissues of the body
• Systemic Circulation


  Movement of blood from the heart to the rest of the body, excluding the lungs
• Two chambers of the heart

  • Atrium
  • Ventricle
• Heart Rate


  Number of times your heart beats in a minute
• Valve


  Acts as the one-way door
• Gregor Mendel is the father of genetics
• Incomplete dominance


  Occurs when a phenotype of the offspring is somewhere in between the phenotypes of both parents
• Codominance


  Two dominant allele are expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygote
• Humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell, 44 body chromosomes and 2 sex chromosomes
• Hypertrichosis Pinnae Auris


  A genetic disorder in humans that causes hairy ears
• Sex-linked genes are generally autosomal
• Hemophilia


  A disease caused by gene found on a X chromosome
• DNA


  A macromolecule that forms a double helix structure in the cells
• Nucleotide


  Contains a pentose sugar called deoxyribose
• The four bases that support the backbone

  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
  • Adenine
  • Thymine
• XX is a chromosome of male, XY is a chromosome of female
• Sex-linked trait


  Traits that are controlled by genes located on the same sex chromosome
• Sex-limited trait


  Traits that are expressed exclusively in one sex
• Sex-influenced trait


  Traits that are expressed in both sexes but more frequently in one than in the other sex
• Multiple Alleles


  When more than two alleles control the inheritance of a character
• Punnett Square


  The method by which one can determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes when two parents crossed
• Antigen


  A substance that when introduced in the body stimulates the production of antibody