Genetics Final Review

• Characteristics of Genetic Material

  It contains complex information, Is replicated accurately, has a code for phenotype, and can vary.
• Chargaff's Rules 


  A=T, G=C
• Chargaff's rules

  So (A+G)/(T+C)= 1 , A+G+T+C= 100
• Nucleotide comprises of what?

  Sugar (Deoxyribose or Ribose), Phosphate groups, and base (A,G,T,C)
• Avery, MacLeod, and MCarty Proved what ?

  Trasformation depends on Dna
• Hershey and Chase Proved that ?

  DNA is passed on to progeny phages
• Griffith Experiments 


  Virulent Bacteria- Mice died

  NonVirulent Bacteria- Mice Alive

  Heat Killed Virulent Bacteria- Mice Alive

  Heat Killed Virulent bacteria + NonVirulent bacteria - Mice died
• There are two types of bases

  Pyrimidine( U,T, and C) and Purine ( A and G)
• Watson and Crick determined what about DNA

  They discovered the structure of DNA using X-ray diffraction
• Tobacco mosaic virus showed that ?

  RNA carries genetic information in some viruses
• Nucleotides are joined together by phosphodiester linkages from:

  a polynucleotide strand
• How can DNA molecules develop different secondary structures?

  Depending on the conditions in which the DNA is placed and base sequence.
• The central dogma tells us what?

  Information flows in a one-way direction, from DNA to RNA protein
• Pairing between bases on the same nucleotide strand can lead to?

  Hairpins and other secondary structures (occurs in RNA)
• DNA follows which form

  B-Form of double helix