Nervous and endocrine system

• Hypothalamus


  Coordinates activities of the nervous and endocrine system and produces hormones to regulate the pituitary gland
• Pituitary


  Produces hormones that direct the activities of other endocrine glands
• Pineal


  Releases melatonin which is involved in rhythmic or cyclic activities
• Thyroid


  Produces hormones that regulate metabolism and development
• Parathyroid


  Helps maintain appropriate calcium levels
• Thymus


  Involved with immune system during childhood
• Adrenal


  Regulates the body's stress response (epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, aldosterone)
• Pancreas


  Controls glucose level in blood (insulin, glucagon)
• Ovary


  Secretes estrogen and progesterone to regulate reproduction
• Testes


  Produces testosterone to control formation of sperm and sexual behavior
• Endocrine system consists of


  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary
  • Pineal
  • Thyroid
  • Parathyroid
  • Thymus
  • Adrenal
  • Pancreas
  • Ovary
  • Testes
• Hormones


  Chemical messengers that travel through the blood stream and affect activities throughout the body
• Types of hormones


  • Steroid hormones
  • Nonsteroid hormones
• Endocrine system


  Ductless glands that produce hormones
• Endocrine glands


  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary
  • Pineal
  • Thyroid
  • Parathyroid
  • Thymus
  • Adrenal
  • Pancreas
  • Ovary
  • Testes
• Hormones


  Chemical messengers that travel through the blood stream and affect activities throughout the body
• Types of hormones


  • Steroid hormones
  • Nonsteroid hormones
• Nervous system


  Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body
• Neuron


  Specialized cells that transmit impulses throughout the body
• Neuron


  Building blocks of brain, spinal cord and nerves
• Parts of a neuron


  • Cell body
  • Axon
  • Dendrites
• Cerebrum


  Memory, intelligence, learning, judgement
• Cerebellum


  Coordinates/balances the actions of muscles
• Spinal cord


  Connects the brain to peripheral nervous system
• Peripheral nervous system


  Consist of 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and all the nerves that extend beyond them into the body
• Parts of the peripheral nervous system


  • Somatic-regulates voluntary control
  • Autonomic-involuntary control
• Cell body -largest part of the neuron

  Axon- transmit

  impulses

  Dendrites- receive impulse
• Asthma Periodic constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles. Bronchitis Increase in the mucus secretion caused by irritants. Associated with cigarette smoking. Cystic fibrosis Genetic defect Excessive increase in mucus secretion.

  Pneumonia Infection of the alveoli. Lung Cancer Uncontrolled proliferation of cells.
• The autonomic nervous system is divided into two branches: sympathetic and parasympathetic.