Revised cj final exam

• Teen Moms 


  Teen pregnancy has dropped sharply over the past decade
• issues with offspring of teen moms

  • By age 14 offspring are more likely to have disturbed psychological behavior
  • poorer school performance
  • involved with crime
  • more likely to smoke and drink regularly
• Teen moms different side 


  Some kids come out completely fine
• Nuclear family 


  family unit that is composed of parents and their children

  families are prone to stress due to constant contrast between the group
• nuclear families are the product of 


  Divorce

  remarriage

  blending of kids from multiple marriages into one new family
• nuclear family process creates interesting structures 


  Example, having more than 2 grandparents
• Gender specific effects of divorce

  • Boys are more effected by the post divorce than girls
  • girls heavily impacted by conflict between the divorced former spouses
  • Hispanic and Asians come from cultures were divorce is rare, thus impacting these children
• Wendy Holland Case

  • occurred in Alabama in 2012-2015
  • leader of sex ring devised to molest the families children
  • sentenced to 219 years
• Catholic church

  • Victims profile:
  • 80% male
  • abused between 11 and 14
  • went further than touching over clothes
  • between 2002 & 2007 more than 13000 accusations
• Effects of sexual abuse on victims

  • Stress
  • anxiety
  • runaways
  • depression
  • stds
  • low self esteem
  • suicidal thoughts
• Categories of Gangs

  • School gangs - involved in little delinquency, little drug use outside of weed and alcohol and more interested in social
  • party gangs - focus on drugs use/sales, no real acts of delinquency and sells drugs to finance habits
  • serious delinquent gang - serious delinquent behavior, no drug dealing, use drugs socially
• Organized gang

  • Heavily involved in criminality
  • drug use and sales related to their acts
  • use violence to control the drug market
  • bordering on becoming a formal criminal organization
• Romantic Love & delinquency

  • Closeness offered by adolescent romantic love fills void for youth
  • romantic relationships with non-delinquent = less likely to engage in crime
  • might be reduced to just hook ups. = likelihood to criminal offending and strain via loveless relationships
  • strengths social bonds and decreases crime
• Posting 


  A system of positions, facial expressions and body language used by gang members to convey a message
• Representing

  • Tossing or flashing gang signs in the presence of rivals
  • often escalates to verbal and or physical confrontation
• racial make up of gang members

  • Majority of gang members are Hispanic or Latino
  • next is African American
  • only about 15 come from any other race
• Gang reduction and intervention program (Grip)

  • Took place in richmond Va
  • neighborhood transitioning from middle to lower class
  • spike in Hispanic population
  • law enforcement heavily concerned about gang crime directed at Hispanic workers
  • targeted families and youth in the area who were at risk of getting with a gang or delinquency in general
• Prevention actives utilized

  • One step resource center
  • prenatal and infant support
  • esl classes
  • class action summer camp
  • direct involvement of school resource officers
  • public awareness programs
  • community events
  • sports and life skills training
  • gang awareness training
• The outcome

  • Violent crime decreased in Richmond
  • additional , officers had to be added to the streets for this work
• Crips

  • Collection of gangs
  • 30-35000 members
  • most are African American
  • started in LA
  • active in 221 cities in 41 states
  • get money by selling drugs
• Bloods

  • association of gangs
  • formed in 1970 s
  • 30000 worldwide
  • most members African Americans
  • active 123 members in 33 states
  • get money by selling drugs
• Relationship between gang members and delinquency

  • Selection hypothesis - kids with a history of crime and violence join gangs and maintain their persistent delinquency once they become formal members
  • facilitation hypothesis - gang members facilitate deviant behavior bc it provides the structure group support for antisocial activities
  • enhancement hypothesis - selection and facilitation work interactively, increasing the likelihood of exchange criminality
• School failure

  • Failing to achieve success in schools leads to frustration , anger, reduced self esteem and delinquent behavior
  • school failure is a direct result cause of emotional and psychological problems, anti social behavior and same factors for youth
• Why do kids drop out of school

  • Do not like it
  • to get a job
  • low academics
  • poor problem solving
  • low self esteem
  • dislikes teachers
  • substance abuse
  • too old for their grade level
• Sources of student alienation

  • School size, schools are becoming larger which in turn means impersonal and harder to maintain meaningful participation
  • irrelevant curriculum, students cannot see importance of material in front of them
  • lack of pay off, low income students feel like school will do nothing for them
  • middle upper class bias, college is predicated on middle class customs
• Characteristics of school schoolings

  • Very few spontaneous acts
  • planned attack
  • attack is well developed
  • most offenders spent 2 weeks considering and 2 days planning
  • suffers from mental anguish
  • exhibited bizarre behaviors before the act and it was known
• factors linked to children who engage in serious school violence

  • Social withdrawl
  • excessive feelings of isolation and being alone
  • excessive feelings of rejection
  • being victim of violence
  • feelings of being picked on or persecuted
  • low school interest
  • uncontrolled anger
  • history of discipline problems
  • drug and alcohol use
• marijuana and hashish: short term effects

  • Memory problems
  • paranoia
  • seeing or hearing things that are not there
  • panic
  • hallucinations
  • loss of sense of personal identity
  • increased heart rate
  • increased risk of stroke
  • coordination issues
• Cocaine overview

  • made from synthesizing coca leaves with other compound and chemicals
  • strong stimulant
  • use is highest in North America
  • very expensive to buy
  • can be snorted, injected or sup-posited
• meth overview

  • powerful stimulant
  • can be smoked, consumed, or injected
  • huge problem in north ga
  • catastrophic impact on the body
• Characteristics of persistent drug offenders

  • youth come from poor family
  • other existing criminals in the family
  • doing poorly in school
  • started using drugs and committing delinquent acts at an early age
  • use multiple types of drugs and commit crimes frequently
  • have few opportunities to engage in legitimate and positive activities as young adults
• Sexual performance and drug use

  • many youth believe that drug use will enhance their ability to perform sexually
  • this is not true
• Possible explanations for DARE failure

  • kids are curious and the program might encourage them
  • using drugs before the program
  • peer pressure
  • taught how to use/get
  • kids who do not like law enforcement will not listen to them
• Head start: what is being provided

  • training in gross and fine motor skills
  • education geared at boosting self confidence
  • comprehensive health screening
  • physical and dental examinations
  • any type of health care follow up that is necessary
  • provide basic meals to help solidify proper nourishment of the children in the program
• What head start sometime provides for parents

  • classes that the parents can enroll in
  • literacy courses
  • nutrition /weight loss seminars
  • Domestic violence prevention
  • social services
  • healthcare information
  • educational services
• Chicago area project

  • one of the earliest juvenile delinquency programs in the usa
  • commenced 1933 by Clifford Shaw and Henry Mckay
  • targeted poverty stricken zones in and around Chicago
  • what did the program entail: coordinated social service centers, efforts to promote community solidarity and efforts to counteract social disorganized
  • also created discussion groups, counseling services, hobby groups, related activities and recreation
  • resulrs are mixed on the effectiveness of the program
• Risk factors for delinquency

  • negative prior factor in an individuals life that increases the risk of occurrence of a future delinquent act
  • past arrest
  • past association with delinquents
  • coming from a broken family
  • abuse/neglect
  • know risk taker
  • past association with a gang
  • past drug use
• What works

  • programs aimed at building school capacity to initiate and sustain innovation
  • programs aimed at clarifying and communicating norms
  • comprehensive instructional programs that focus on Range of social competency skills
• Kent v United States

  • Established that children have due process rights such as having an attorney present at waiver hearings
• In re Gault (1967)

  • children must be notified of the charges against them
  • have the right to counsel
  • right to confrontation and cross examination of witnesses
  • Right against self incrimination
  • right to transcript of the trial record
  • right to appellate review