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• Fire Triangle


  • Illustration to help understand the three important elements needed to start and sustain fire
  • Right amount of these elements will let fire occur naturally

  
• Elements of Fire Triangle


  • Fuel
  • Heat
  • Oxygen
• Fuel


  Any material that can be burned such as solid, liquid, or gas. Combustion takes place when fuel is converted into gaseous state as moisture is removed.
• Heat


  An energy that flows through object. Enough amount of heat would free the vapor from solid and liquid forms of fuel. The lowest temperature needed to form an ignitable mixture in air near the surface of the liquid is called the flash point.
• Oxygen


  An element, estimated 21% of it can be found in the air. During combustion process chemical reaction takes place. Oxygen is released and serves as an oxidizing agent for combustible materials.
• Without an oxidizing agent like oxygen there will be no fire even if heat and fuel are present
• Fire extinguishment


  Theory based on removing any of the elements in the fire triangle to suppress the fire

  
• Heat


  An energy that flows through object
• Flash point


  The lowest temperature needed to form an ignitable mixture in air near the surface of the liquid
• The higher the flashpoint, the more difficult it is to ignite the material
• The ignition of fire to solid and liquid fuels varies
• Most solid combustible materials ignite immediately
• Other solid combustible materials take time to ignite due to its density
• Oxygen


  An element, estimated 21% of it can be found in the air
• During combustion process chemical reaction takes place
• Oxygen is released and serves as an oxidizing agent for combustible materials
• Theory of fire extinguishment


  1. Removing the heat

  2. Removing the fuel

  3. Removing the oxygen
• Removing the heat


  The goal is to lower the temperature which is usually accomplished by adding water as an extinguishing agent
• Removing the fuel


  In most cases, removing the fuel from the fire is not a practical way of extinguishing fire except when dealing with flammable liquid fires
• Removing the oxygen


  Accomplished by separating it from the fuel source or by displacing it with other gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen and steam
• Foam does not only lower temperature but also remove oxygen