D

• Risk management


  Identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential hazards or threats to the environment and human health
• Risk management in environmental science plays a crucial role in safeguarding ecosystems, protecting human health, and promoting sustainable development
• 3 Major types of Environmental Risks

  • Pollutants
  • Climate change
  • Natural disasters
• Pollutants


  Substances introduced into the environment that cause adverse effects on human health and ecosystems
• Types of Pollutants


  • Air pollution: smog, particulate matter, ozone
  • Water pollution: industrial waste, agricultural runoff, sewage
  • Land pollution: pesticides, herbicides, heavy metals
• Climate change


  Long-term alterations in temperature, precipitation patterns, and other climatic variables, primarily driven by human activities
• Natural disasters


  Catastrophic events that result from natural processes of the Earth
• Examples of Natural Disasters

  • Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Floods, Hurricanes, Tornadoes, Volcanic eruptions

  
• Risk identification


  Identifying potential environmental hazards and sources of risk through thorough assessment and analysis
• Risk Assessment


  Evaluating the likelihood and severity of identified risks to prioritize and allocate resources for mitigation efforts
• Risk Mitigation


  Implementing measures to reduce or eliminate environmental risks, such as pollution prevention and disaster preparedness
• Risk Monitoring and Review


  Ongoing evaluation of environmental risks and the effectiveness of mitigation measures to adapt and improve risk management strategies
• Toxicology


  The study of properties of toxins and the effects of chemicals on living organisms
• Toxicants


  Substances that produce adverse biological effects
• Toxins


  Specific proteins produced by living organisms
• Poisons


  Toxicants that cause immediate death or illness when experienced in very small amounts
• Examples of Toxicology

  • Alcohol poisoning
  • Lead poisoning
• Air pollution has a major impact on the process of plant evolution by preventing photosynthesis in many cases, with serious consequences for the purification of the air we breathe
• Environmental Toxicology


  Studies how chemicals in the environment can harm living things like animals, plants, and people
• Clinical Toxicology


  Involves the research, prevention and treatment of diseases caused by chemicals, drugs and toxins
• Human Health


  The overall well-being of individuals, encompassing physical, mental, and social aspects
• Types of Factors Affecting Human Health

  • Physical Environment
  • Social Environment
  • Biological Factors
  • Behavioral Factors
  • Healthcare Access
• Dimensions of Health

  • Physical Health
  • Mental Health
  • Social Health
  • Environmental Health
• Being physically active can improve your brain health, help manage weight, reduce the risk of disease, strengthen bones and muscles, and improve your ability to do everyday activities
• Common Mental Health Issues

  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Depression
  • Bipolar Disorder
  • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
  • Eating Disorder