Biology

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Aaliyah

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Cards (650)

  • What are proteins essential for?
    Life
  • Why are proteins important in diet and nutrition?
    They play a crucial role in maintaining bodily functions
  • What are proteins made of?
    Amino acids
  • How many different types of amino acids are there?
    20
  • What is the significance of amino acids in proteins?
    Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins
  • What is the general structure of an amino acid?
    It has a central carbon atom, a carboxyl group, an amine group, a hydrogen atom, and an R group
  • What does the R group in an amino acid represent?
    It is a placeholder for a large group that varies among different amino acids
  • How can you determine if you are looking at a protein when examining a macromolecule?
    By identifying the straight N-C-C structure
  • What is a dipeptide?
    A molecule formed from two amino acids
  • What is a polypeptide?
    A chain of many amino acids
  • What is an oligopeptide?
    A peptide consisting of 2 to 20 amino acids
  • What is a peptide bond?
    The bond formed between amino acids during protein synthesis
  • How are proteins formed?
    Through condensation reactions between amino acids
  • What happens during the condensation reaction of amino acids?
    The carboxyl group of one amino acid combines with the amine group of another, releasing water
  • How many essential amino acids can humans synthesize?
    9
  • What are non-essential amino acids?
    Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must come from the diet
  • What are some examples of essential amino acids?
    Ala, Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, Val
  • Why do vegetarians need to plan their diet carefully?
    To ensure they get all non-essential amino acids
  • How does the diversity of proteins arise?
    From the numerous combinations of the 20 different amino acids
  • What factors contribute to the diversity in protein form and function?
    The properties of the R-groups and their interactions
  • What are some functions of proteins?
    Building muscles and fighting diseases
  • How does the three-dimensional structure of proteins affect their function?
    The function depends on the specific shape of the protein
  • What is denaturation of proteins?
    It is the alteration of a protein's structure, leading to loss of functionality
  • What can cause denaturation of proteins?
    Changes in temperature, pH, and salt levels
  • How do different proteins tolerate extreme environments?
    Some proteins are adapted to function under extreme heat or acidic conditions
  • What is the process of protein synthesis in cells?
    • Amino acids are linked to form dipeptides and polypeptides
    • Peptide bonds are formed through condensation reactions
    • Proteins fold into their functional three-dimensional structures
  • What is the primary structure of proteins?
    The sequence of amino acids determined by DNA
  • What stabilizes the secondary structure of proteins?
    Hydrogen bonds between non-adjacent amino acids
  • What occurs in the tertiary structure of proteins?
    Further folding occurs due to interactions between R-groups
  • What are globular proteins?
    Proteins that are round and soluble
  • What is the quaternary structure of proteins?
    It consists of more than one polypeptide chain
  • What is the difference between fibrous and globular proteins?
    Fibrous proteins are long and not highly folded, while globular proteins are highly folded and soluble
  • What determines a protein's conformation?
    The bonding arrangements within the protein's structure
  • How does a change in primary structure affect protein function?
    It can affect the protein's conformation and ability to function
  • What is lipase?
    An enzyme that breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol
  • What is the function of insulin?
    It helps glucose enter cells for energy
  • What is collagen's role in the body?
    It provides structural support to connective tissues
  • What is hemoglobin's primary function?
    To carry oxygen in red blood cells
  • What is the structure of hemoglobin?
    It has a quaternary structure with four polypeptide chains
  • What is a conjugated protein?
    A protein that consists of polypeptide chains and non-polypeptide parts