Unit 7 World History Review

• Who was the Italian Explorer who explored the coast of South America and realized that it was a sep landmass from Asia?

  Amerigo Vaspucci
• Who was the first European explorer to successfully navigate a route to India by sailing around the southern tip of Africa, know as the Cape of Good Hope?

  Vasco de Gama
• What was the primary economic Activity in the Belgian Congo during the colonial period?

  Rubber extraction
• Which European power controlled South Africa during the colonial period?

  Great Britain
• From what direction do the cold and wet air travel in the African monsoons?

  Southwest
• Which European power controlled the Congo Free State during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

  Belgium
• What two raw materials were most important for trade within Africa prior to European colonialism?

  Gold and Salt
• What were the motivations for African colonization by the Portuguese?

  Search for New Trade Routes to Asia, Acquisition of valuable resources, Spread of Christianity
• What allowed the nation of Congo’s wealth to grow?

  Vast reserves of natural resources
• What religion did many African Leaders convert to throughout European colonization?

  Christianity
• What was the main motivation for European colonial powers to establish colonies in Africa during the late 19th century?

  Economic interest, Strategic Military Advantages, Competition amoung European powers, Desire for Geopolitical dominance
• What was the Scramble for Africa?

  Rapid colonization/slavery in Africa by European powers
• What conference formalized the rules for the colonization of Africa making European powers in 1884-1885?

  Berlin Conference
• Which African country was the only one to successfully resist colonization by European powers during the Scramble for Africa?

  Ethiopia
• What was the strategic importance of the Suez Canal, which motivated European powers to control it during the Scramble for Africa?

  Produces quicker routes for European powers to access their colonies
• What term is used to describe the rapid colonization and annexation of African territories by European powers during the late 19th century?

  Scramble for Africa
• Who was the Belgian Monarch responsible for the colonization of the Congo Free State in Africa?

  Leopold II
• Which European colonial power controlled the largest territory in Africa during the Scramble for Africa?

  France
• What was the outcome of the Berlin Conference on the issue of African slavery?

  The agreement to end the slave trade and slavery in Africa
• What was the Colombian Exchange?

  The exchange of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World
• What food items were introduced to Europe as a result of the Colombian Exchange?

  Maize (Corn), potatoes, tobacco, chocolate, cotton, rice, coffee, sugar
• What animals were brought from Europe to the Americas during the Colombian Exchange?

  Horses, pigs, cows, sheep, and goats
• What was the impact of the Colombian Exchange on the diets of Europeans?

  Improved nutrition, population growth, and increased protein sources
• In colonial Latin America, which social class held the most power and privilege?

  Peninsulares
• What social class emerged from the mixing of European and Indigenous peoples in colonial Latin America?

  Mestizos
• Which country is considered to be Bolivar’s birthplace?

  Venezuela
• What was Bolívar's primary goal in his efforts to liberate South America from Spanish rule?

  Establish independent republics in South America
• Which European military leader provided significant assistance to Bolívar during the

  liberation of South America?

  José de San Martín
• What was the primary cause of the Mexican-American War?

  The annexation of Texas by the United States
• Which territory became the focal point of the Mexican-American War due to its annexation

  by the United States in 1845?

  Texas