module 1 gender society

• Sex


  The biological dimension of your gender and sexuality. Determined by sexual anatomy and physiology, including genitals and chromosomes.
• Gender


  How a person's identity, expression, and experience relates to masculinity, femininity, or other gender identities. Influenced by social and cultural expectations.
• Gender identity


  A person's internal sense of being male, female, neither or other gender(s).
• Sexual orientation


  A person's emotional, romantic and/or sexual attraction to other people.
• Sexual orientation


  • Heterosexual (attracted to opposite sex)
  • Homosexual (attracted to same sex)
  • Bisexual (attracted to both sexes)
• LGBT refers to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community.
• Patriarchy is a social system where men primarily hold power in the political and private spheres, and society is organized to maintain male supremacy.
• Patrilineal societies only allow men to inherit property and family name, leaving women with no inheritance and expected to marry a man who can support her economically.
• The women's liberation movement, women's movement, or feminism is a continuing series of social and political campaigns for the rights and equality of women.
• Patriarchy is viewed by most sociologists as a social construct and not as a biological phenomenon
• History suggests an egalitarian system rather than a patriarchal system
• Patriarchy


  Came about when people started having private property instead of a communal living
• Women's liberation movement, women's movement, or feminism


  A continuing series of social movements that aim to challenge the patriarchal society that creates oppressive political structures, beliefs, and practices against women
• Simone de Beauvoir's book "The Second Sex" in 1949 outlined how the patriarchal society disadvantaged women by slowly raising her into submission and hindering their productivity and happiness by relegating them to housecleaning
• The women's liberation movement in Europe in the 1940s sought the right to education, right to work, and right to vote
• The United Nations reports that women do more work than men because even when they work at the office, they are still expected to do household tasks
• Another report from UN Women states that "women perform 66 percent of the worlds work, produce 50 percent of the food, but earn 10 of the income and own 1 percent of the property"
• Gender


  A form of social organization that is often unnoticed
• Gender studies emerged from the need to analyze how gender, sex, and sexuality impact our lives, especially how it creates gender inequality
• Gender role or sex role


  Sets of culturally defined behaviors such as masculinity and femininity
• One hundred years ago, women were not allowed to study at universities since their role was only restricted to domestic or the household
• Qualitative approach in gender studies research


  Focuses more on the meanings created and interpretations made by people about their own personal or vicarious (observed) experiences
• Quantitative approach in gender studies research


  Focuses more on characterizing a population or a sample, and in some cases, making generalizations about the population based on the behavior of a sample
• Human Ecology


  A field that recognizes the interplay among internal and external environments—physical, socio-economic, cultural
• The concept of gender was developed by Simone de Beauvoir who argued that women are oppressed because they have been defined as inferior to men.
• Sex refers to biological differences between males and females, while gender refers to socially constructed roles based on sex.
• Gender is the social construction of masculinity and femininity
• Sex refers to biological differences between men and women, while gender refers to socially constructed roles based on sex.
• Gender is not just biological but also social and political constructs that influence how we think about ourselves and others based on our sex or perceived sex characteristics.
• Sex refers to the physical differences between males and females such as chromosomes, hormones, genitals, reproductive organs, secondary sex characteristics, and other physiological features.
• Gender identity is how people perceive themselves and what gender category they feel they belong to.
• Gender expression is how people outwardly express their gender through clothing, behavior, and appearance.
• Feminism is a political movement advocating equal rights for women
• Gender identity is an individual's sense of self-awareness regarding their own gender.
• Gender expression is the way individuals communicate their gender through clothing, hairstyles, body language, etc.
• Gender role expectations refer to societal norms and expectations placed upon people based on their assigned sex at birth.
• Gender expression is how people present their gender identity through clothing, hairstyle, mannerisms, etc.
• Gender norms refer to the standards of acceptable behavior for individuals within a particular culture or group.
• Gender role is the set of expectations and behaviors associated with being male or female.
• Gender stereotypes are generalized beliefs about the abilities, traits, and behaviors of members of different genders.