module 4 & 5 gender society

• Stereotype


  An over-generalized belief about a particular group or class of people
• When we meet someone for the first time, we associate with them certain characteristics and abilities that we usually based on the group they belong to
• Types of stereotypes

  • Positive stereotypes (e.g. Filipinos being known for hospitality)
  • Negative stereotypes (e.g. equating Muslims as terrorists, viewing farmers and blue-collar workers as lazy and less educated)
• Stereotypes reflect our expectations and beliefs and are largely based on the social circle we belong to as we try to conform or agree to the standard way of thought
• Stereotypes change through time depending on social and political conditions
• Explicit stereotype


  The person is aware that they have these thoughts towards a group of people, and they can say it out loud
• Implicit stereotype


  The person does not know if they have these stereotypes since it lies in their subconscious
• With an explicit stereotype, a person can choose not to turn their stereotypes into actions, while with an implicit stereotype, a person has no control or awareness of it, and it may manifest into actions or behavior
• Prejudice


  An unjustified or incorrect attitude (usually negative) towards an individual based solely on the individual's membership of a social group
• Prejudice represents our emotional response upon learning of a person's membership to a specific group
• Prejudice can be dangerous as it often leads to negative actions and behaviors, such as bullying, discrimination, or violence
• Discrimination


  Actions or behaviors towards an individual or a group of people that involve some form of exclusion or rejection
• Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights
• The preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognizes that the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world
• Appreciating diversity of humans is key to making a safer and more inclusive environment for everyone, regardless of race, sex, religion, sexuality, gender, or creed
• Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination is a sensitive issue for many people since it can be traced to our history, culture, tradition, and religion
• Labels


  Can be used to discriminate and oppress people, but can also empower people to claim their space in society
• Language can be used to avoid offense or disadvantage to certain groups of people, such as using "persons with disabilities" instead of "disabled", "African American" instead of "blacks", and "LGBT" instead of "homosexuals"
• Historical terms for same-sex attraction and gender variance

  • 'Pleasures of the bitten peach' and 'brokeback' (China 600 BCE)
  • 'Shudo' or 'nanshoku' (Japan)
  • 'Kathoey' (Thailand)
  • 'Babaylan' and 'catalonan' (Philippines)
• Homosexuality was classified as an illness in the 19th century, leading to the persecution and institutionalization of homosexuals, such as the case of Alan Turing
• In 1973, the APA removed homosexuality as a psychiatric disorder or sickness after years of struggle from the gay and lesbian liberation movement, declaring that being attracted to people of the same sex is a natural variation of the human experience
• Lesbian


  Women who are emotionally and sexually attracted to women
• Gay


  Men who are emotionally and sexually attracted to men
• Bisexual


  Man or woman who are emotionally and sexually attracted to men or women
• Transgender


  When your gender identity (how you feel) is different from your physical sex (male/female)
• Queer


  Used by people who celebrate all gender identities, can also mean someone who do not want to be restricted as Lesbian, Gay, or Bi
• Intersex


  People who were born with sex genitals or chromosome patterns that one do not fit the typical male or female body
• Asexual


  People who do not feel sexual attraction to anyone, but it does not mean that they do not engage in romantic or sexual relationships
• Ally


  Straight or heterosexual people who are fighting for LGBT rights
• Plus (+)


  The plus sign refers to all sexualities that do not fit in the LGBTQI spectrum
• Androgynous


  People whose gender expression (their physical appearance) may or may not be distinctly male or female
• Gender


  Your internal sense of being masculine or feminine or neither
• Gender identity


  How you feel, man, woman, or neither
• Gender expression


  How you express your sense of being male or female or neither, maybe through hairstyle, clothes, etc.
• Sexual orientation


  Your emotional and sexual attraction to a person
• Sex assigned at birth


  Your given sex when were born based on your sex organ
• Cisgender


  When your gender identity matches with the sex you are assigned at birth
• Non-binary


  People who do not feel like a boy or a girl; they may feel like they are both or neither, so sometimes they use the pronouns they, them, and theirs
• Parents unknowingly set up a gender-based pattern of raising their children upon knowing the biological sex of their babies
• Pink for girls and blue for boys is a reflection of our heteronormative culture wherein we expect females to be feminine and males to be masculine