Chapter 1

• Chapters


  • Earth
  • Flood
  • Erosion
• Biodiversity


  The variety of life, whether animals or plants in a habitat
• Biodiversity


  • Interaction between diverse species of living organisms
  • Research related to plants and animals
  • Plants, animals and microbes used in traditional and modern medicine
  • Places of Recreation and Ecotourism
  • Animals and plants supplying sources of food
  • Raw Materials for Industries (Timber, bamboo, rattan)
  • Uniqueness of the variety of flora and fauna species
• Biodiversity is the importance of
• Vertebrates


  • Poikilotherm
  • Homeotherm
• Poikilotherm Vertebrates


  • Reptiles
  • Amphibians
  • Fish
• Homeotherm Vertebrates


  • Mammals
  • Birds
• Poikilotherm


  • Body with scales and hard skin
  • Breathe through gills
  • Reproduce through spores and moist skin
  • External fertilisation
  • Lay eggs with a shell
• Homeotherm


  • Body covered with fur
  • Breathe through lungs
  • Internal fertilisation
  • Give birth and nurse their young
  • Lay eggs with hard shell
• Poikilotherms live on the land and in the water, Homeotherms have wings or legs
• Biodiversity


  Flowering and Non-Flowering Plants
• Non-flowering plants


  • Body covered with
  • Breathe though
  • Reproduce through spores
• Non-flowering plants


  • Moss
  • Fern
  • Conifer
• Flowering plants


  • Reproduce through spores
  • Intermediate formation
  • Lay eggs with hard shell
  • Have wings or flaps
  • Scaly feet
• Monocotyledons


  • One cotyledon
  • Leaves with parallel veins
  • Non-woody stem
  • Fibrous roots
  • Reproduce by bearing cones
• Dicotyledons


  • Two cotyledons
  • Leaves with network-like veins
  • Woody stem
  • Tap roots