Biology 1.1

• Cytoplasm


  The cell and contains the other cell structures
• Cell membrane


  Surrounds the cytoplasm to separate it from the outside
• Nucleus


  The large structure found in the cell
• Cell wall


  • Made of cellulose, found in plant cells
• Chloroplasts


  Contain chlorophyll and are green in colour
• Vacuoles


  Large structures that surround the cell membrane in plant cells
• Pigment


  Found in the cytoplasm of chloroplasts
• Cell structures visible under a light microscope


  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cell wall
  • Permanent vacuole
  • Cytoplasm
  • Chloroplast
• Mitochondria


  • Organelles found throughout the cytoplasm
• Ribosomes


  Tiny structures that can be free within the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
• Endoplasmic reticulum


  A system of membranes within the cell, can be rough or smooth
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)


  Endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes
• Vesicles


  • Small circular structures found moving throughout the cytoplasm
• Basics


  • STRUCTURE
  • FUNCTION
  • NUCLEUS
  • CYTOPLASM
  • CELL MEMBRANE
  • CELL WALL
  • CHLOROPLASTS
• Nucleus


  Contains genetic material in chromosomes which control how cells grow and divide
• Cytoplasm


  Site of many chemical reactions, contains substances entering, leaving, and controlling the cell
• Cell membrane


  Gives the cell extra support and defines its shape
• Cell wall


  Gives the cell extra support and defines its shape
• Chloroplasts


  Site of photosynthesis, absorb energy needed for the action
• Vacuole


  Used for storage, catalysis, and supporting the cell
• Mitochondria


  • Site of cellular respiration
  • Provide energy for the cell
  • Cells with high rates of reaction will have significantly more mitochondria than cells with lower rates of reaction
• Ribosomes


  Site of protein production
• Vesicles


  Used to safely transport substances from one part of the cell to another
• The main function of the endocrine system is to secrete hormones into the bloodstream, which then travel throughout the body.