RJAV - HospiPharm

Created by

Ara

Cards (61)

Hospital 
Organized structure which pools together/ assembles all: Health Professional, Diagnostic and treatment facilities, equipment and supplies, Physical facilities into a coordinated system for delivering health care to the public
Clinic 
A facility/ area where ambulatory patients are seen for special study, diagnosis and treatment by a group of physicians practicing together and where the patient is not confined
Four fundamental functions of hospital 
Patient care
Wellness/ Public Health
Education
Research
Levels of prevention 
Primordial
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Types of hospital service 
General
Special
Categories of general hospitals according to functional capacity 
Level I
Level 2
Level 3
Types of hospital ownership 
Governmental
Non-governmental
Bed capacity of hospitals 
< 50 beds
50-99 beds
100- 199 beds
200-299 beds
300-399 beds
400-499 beds
500 beds & over
Classification of other healthcare facilities 
Category A: Primary care Facility
Category B: Custodial Care Facility
Category C: Diagnostic/ Therapeutic Facility
Category D: Specialized Out-patient facility
Special types of healthcare institutions 
Long term Health Care facility
Resident treatment facility
Health Maintenance Organizations
Organization of a hospital 
Board of Directors, Trustees, Regents
Hospital/ Medical Director
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Operating Officer
Chief Financial Officer
Director of Nursing
Department Heads
Supporting Staff
Medical Staff
Types of medical staff 
Open staff
Closed staff
Groups of medical staff
Attending medical staff
Consulting medical staff
Honorary medical staff
Associate medical staff
Courtesy medical staff
Resident medical staff
Supporting services 
Nursing Service
Dietary Service
Central Supply Service
Medical Record Service
Medical Social Service
Blood bank
Pathology
Radiology
Anesthesia
Hospital pharmacy
The practice of pharmacy in a hospital setting including its organizationally related facilities or services. It is the department or division of the hospital wherein the procurement, storage, compounding, manufacturing, packaging, controlling, assaying, dispensing, distribution and monitoring of medications through drug- therapy management for hospitalized and ambulatory patients are performed by legally qualified, professionally competent pharmacists.
Phases of clinical trials 
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Phase IV
Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee (PTC) 
Objective: optimal patient care & safety through rational drug therapy. Functions: Develop formulary and related policies, Perform DUR, Monitor and evaluate ADRs
Drug management cycle 
Selection
Procurement
Distribution
Use
Essential drug 
Satisfies healthcare needs of majority. Criteria: Relevant for prevalent diseases, Proven safety, efficacy; adequate quality, Favorable cost-benefit ratio, Available as single compound, Preferred: well-known, good PK properties, possible local manuf., Adequate scientific evidence
Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) 
Conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients
blinded 
Blinding of participants and researchers to the treatment allocation
Clinical trial phases 
Phase III
Phase IV
Phase III clinical trial 
200-1000 people with disease
Comparison with standard of care
Safety and efficacy evaluated
Phase IV clinical trial 
Post marketing surveillance
Pharmacovigilance
Is it better? (Comparison with standard of care)
Safety, Efficacy
Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee (PTC) 
Also known as Drug and Therapeutics Committee (DTC)
Chairperson is a medical doctor
Secretary is the chief pharmacist
Objective is optimal patient care and safety through rational drug therapy
Functions of PTC 
Develop formulary and related policies
Perform drug utilization review (DUR)
Monitor and evaluate adverse drug reactions (ADRs)
Drug management cycle 
Selection
Procurement
Distribution
Use
Essential drug 
Satisfies healthcare needs of majority
Criteria: relevant for prevalent diseases, proven safety and efficacy, favorable cost-benefit ratio, available as single compound, preferred: well-known, good pharmacokinetic properties, possible local manufacture, adequate scientific evidence
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) 
Conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patient
Integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research
Pharmacoepidemiology 
Study of the utilization and effects of drugs in populations
Makes use of study designs like case-control analysis, cohort analysis, and cross-sectional analysis
Case-control analysis 
Observational, analytic study
Samples: with disease (cases) and without disease (controls)
Collects information on risk factors
Assesses associational relationship between condition and risk factor
Cohort analysis 
Observational, analytic study
Samples: with or without risk factor
Collects information on development of disease
Cross-sectional analysis 
Studies the population at a single point in time
Looks at disease prevalence and prevalence of factors
Temporal sequence of cause and effect cannot necessarily be determined
Randomized controlled clinical trial 
Gold standard
Experimental study
Compares 2 or more treatments and placebo
Randomization decreases bias and confounding factors
Blinded: patient not told what treatment is received
Double blinded: patient and researcher
Disadvantages: costly, time-intensive, ethical considerations
Meta-analysis 
Systematic review that uses quantitative methods to summarize the results
The unit of analysis is the variable common to the studies being reviewed rather than the individual patient
Systematic review 
Comprehensive summary of best available evidence that addresses a defined question
Essential drug list 
Core/minimum list for most healthcare needs
Complementary list of alternatives
Formulary list 
Same as essential drug list but for a specific setting
National Formulary List: Philippine National Formulary (PNF), 8th Edition