ISOC 4TH Q

• Discussion


  The act of talking about something with another person or a group of people : a conversation about something
• Discussion


  • The aim is to arrive at a conclusion, share ideas about an event, or find solutions in their discussion groups
• Round Table Discussion


  Participants sit at a literal round table, usually, or at least in a circle, implying no hierarchy, and each in turn contributes his or her ideas and expertise on the topic
• Mini Defense


  A kind of defense done by a smaller number of people in a less extravagant manner
• Symposium


  A formal gathering in an academic setting where participants are experts in their fields
• Symposium


  Can be compared to a conference, but the people that comprise this activity is lesser than a conference
• Conference


  A formal meeting where participants exchange their views on various topics
• Conference can take place in different fields, and it need not be academic in nature all the time
• Seminar


  A form of academic instruction, either at a university or offered by a commercial or professional organization
• Workshop


  Includes all the elements of the Seminar, but with the largest portion being emphasized on "hand-on-practice" or laboratory work
• Congress


  Typically held once a year per discipline, highlighting the achievements, notable results in that field. These are typically attended by leaders in that field, and feature a series of invited talks
• Debate


  A structured argument, with two sides speaking alternately for and against a particular contention usually based on a topical issue
• Style


  • The manner in which you communicate your arguments. This is the most basic part of debating to master
• Elements of Style

  • Speed
  • Tone
  • Volume
  • Clarity
  • Stance, gesture, and expressions
  • Use of notes and eye contact
• Content


  The arguments used to develop your own side's case and rebut the opposite side's
• Motion


  Also known as proposition or resolution, is a statement that usually sets the topic for the given debate
• Whatever the motion is, the first speaker in the debate must define it
• Case


  The argument that you intend to make in the debate. It is typically directed at answering a specific question or supporting a specific claim
• Rebuttal


  The presentation of evidence or reasoning meant to weaken or undermine an opponent's claim
• Debate Format

  • Proposition - affirmative side
  • Opposition - negative side
• Debate Format

  1. First Proposition speaker states the topic, states several arguments with reasoning and evidence (A-R-E style)

  2. First Opposition speaker rebuts 1st proposition's points, states his/her own points using A-R-E style
• Brainstorming


  A method for generating ideas to solve a design problem. It usually involves a group, under the direction of a facilitator
• Picture Sequencing/Narrating


  Students are asked to tell the story taking place in the sequential pictures by paying attention to the criteria provided by the teacher as a rubric
• Picture Describing


  Students discuss the picture with their groups, then a spokesperson for each group describes the picture to the whole class
• Public Speaking


  Communicating information before a large audience
• Five Elements of Public Speaking

  • Who is saying what to whom using what medium with what effect
• Why do we need to do Public Speaking

  • Every time you speak in public, it increases your self-confidence
  • As we become comfortable speaking, we become more comfortable around people
  • We can reach a large audience in a shorter time than having individual conversations
  • It's a great way to show how much you know about a subject
• Extemporaneous Speech


  A kind of speech wherein in the speaker was given 5-10 minutes to prepare his/her whole speech
• Extemporaneous speaking is one of the most natural methods for delivering a prepared speech
• Outlining


  A list of items with each item divided into additional sub-items. Each level in an outline has at least two subcategories
• Types of Outlines

  • Sentence outline - Each complete sentence includes a heading or single sentence about the subject of the outline
  • Topic outline - Each topic is listed and functions as a subtopic of the outline's subject
  • Phrase outline - Each short phrase entry is a subtopic of the aforementioned main entry
• Impromptu Speech


  A speech given with little or no preparation, yet almost always with some advance knowledge on the topic
• Advantages of Impromptu Speech

  • You are generally in control of the content you are presenting, so you can include topics that you want to talk about
  • You can use personal examples from experience to support what you are saying
• Disadvantages of Impromptu Speech

  • You may have difficulty thinking of what to say or formulating the ideas once you get up to speak
  • Your speech may lack details and supporting information
  • If the audience is passive and does not ask questions to guide you, you may overlook some significant content
• Tips for the Speaker

  • Make sure to plan an introduction and a conclusion. If possible, take a few moments to think about what you want to say to introduce the topic and have some way of concluding.
  • Make a few notes for yourself on a card, phone, or iPad. Or, text yourself a few single words to remind yourself of the important ideas.
  • Consider the simple three part outline of an Introduction, Body, and Conclusion, and fit your ideas into that pattern.
  • Do not try to remember a detailed outline for your entire speech; just remember the order of important points.
  • Be sure to stop when you have made your points.
  • If you do not know what to say next, you can summarize and paraphrase what you have just said, and then will probably be ready to move on to the next topic.
  • Remember that, in most situations, you will know more about the subject than the audience.
  • Talk like you mean it. In other words speak with conviction. You are explaining your ideas or knowledge and you are an authority.
  • Relax!
• Speed


  The pace of how you talk
• Tone


  This is what makes you sound interesting
• Volume


  It is sometimes a necessity but it does not mean to shout regardless of the context
• Clarity


  The ability to concisely and clearly express complex issues is what debating is all about
• Stance


  This must look confident and assertive