Everything

• pulmonary circulation


  Right side of heart

  Blood pumped from heart to lungs
• systemic circulation


  Left side of heart

  Blood from heart to body

  Thicker muscle wall bc do more work
• Blood vessels


  tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body and return to heart
• Arteries


  carry blood away from the heart (oxygenated)
• Arteries structure


  Thick walls

  Outer connective tissue

  Inner endothelium

  Middle thick layer of elastic and muscle fibres
• Arterioles


  smallest arteries
• Arterioles structure


  Middle layer less elastic fibre

  Mainly circular muscle under involuntary control
• Capillaries


  Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of the body, networks, highly controlled
• Capillaries structure and function


  Sphincters between arterioles and capillary beds

  Function to connect arteries/arterioles/veins/venules

  Gas and nutrient exchange
• Venules


  Small veins that carry blood to the heart

  Drains blood from capillaries
• Venules structure


  Has valves to prevent backflow

  3 layer vessel walls

  Lead to veins
• Veins


  Large vessels that carry blood to heart

  Deoxygenated

  Resevoir for blood
• Veins structure


  3 layers like arteries but thinner walls

  Valves
• Coronary arteries/veins


  Blood vessels supply heart with blood (o2 and nutrients) and remove waste (co2)
• Functions of blood


  Transport (gases and nutrients)

  Regulate body temp

  Protect against infection
• Blood components


  Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

  55% Plasma, 45%-Formed Elements
• Plasma


  Fluid portion of blood
• Plasma components


  Water (90%), electrolytes, plasma proteins (8%), sugars, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, waste, cholesterol, hormones
• Red blood cells


  erythrocytes, carry oxygen lung to cells and CO4 cells to lungs
• Erythropoiesis


  production of red blood cells

  Stem cells bone marrow

  Divide sheink taking hemoglobin

  Nucleus disappear

  Discharged into blood
• renal erythropoietic factor (REF)


  A substance produced by the kidneys that activates erythropoietin to stimulate the production of red blood cells
• White blood crlls


  Leukocytes

  Nucleus

  Less than rbc
• Phagocytes


  A type of white blood cell that ingests invading microbes
• Lymphocytes


  The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.
• Platelets


  thrombocytes; cell fragments in the blood that are essential for blood clotting (coagulation)

  No nucleus
• Epethelial tissue


  Tissue covering the organs
• Connective tissue


  A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts

  Fill space and stores fat
• glial cells


  cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons
• Systole


  Contraction of the heart
• Diastole


  Relaxation of the heart
• Lub


  Slightly longer sound from closing of atrioventricular valves
• Dupp

  Shorter, sharper sound from closing of semilunar valves
• Intrinsic control


  control of heart from within the heart
• Nodal tissue


  heart tissue that coordinates the beating of the heart

  Has muscle and nerve characteristics
• sinoatrial node


  pacemaker of the heart

  Upper back wall right atrium

  Causes both atria to contract and initiate heartbeat

  Every 0.85sec
• atrioventricular node


  Base of right atrium near septum

  Receives sa node pulse and sends own pulse causing ventricle to contract
• Purkinje fibers


  Special conducting fibres that take the AV node impulse to ventricles causing them to contract

  Also ensures contractions begin at base of ventricle and move up like wave
• Medulla oblongata


  Heart rate centre

  Speed up or slow down heart rate from stinuli by autonomic nervous system
• Electrocardiogram


  Recording of electrical changes in myocardium during cardiac cycle
• Myocardium


  Thick middle muscle layer of the heart