Food

• Carbohydrates

  Element: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
• 
  

  1. Monosaccharide

  2. Disaccharide

  3. Polysaccharide
• Monosaccharide

  • Single sugar
• Disaccharide

  • Double sugar
• Polysaccharide

  • Many sugars with storage function
• Polysaccharides

  • Glycogen
  • Cellulose
  • Starch
• Carbohydrates provide energy
• Deoxyribose

  Found in DNA
• 
  

  • Role: Respiration, Photosynthesis
• Respiration

  Glucose -> CO2 + H2O + Energy
• Monosaccharides

  Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
• Disaccharides

  Maltose, Sucrose
• Polysaccharides

  Cellulose, Chitin
• Cellulose

  • Structural component of plant cell walls
• Chitin

  • Structural component of insect exoskeletons
• Lipids

  Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
• Fatty acids

  Saturated, Unsaturated
• Triglycerides

  3 fatty acids + glycerol
• Phospholipids

  Fatty acids + phosphate group
• Lipids

  • Metabolic role Provide energy, structural role components of cell membranes
• Proteins

  • carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (sometimes sulphur)
• made up of 20 amino acids
• Vitamin types

  • Water-soluble: B, C
  • Fat-soluble: A, D, E, K
• Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets
• Reducing sugars e.g glucose 


  Benedict’s Solution - Blue + Brick Red Heat = yes
• Protein Test

  Biuret’s Solution - Blue + Purple Heat = no
• Plants can make own amino acids- animals can’t
• Uses = growth and repair and to make enzymes

  structural uses = keratin in hair and nails
• Starch Test

  Iodine - red/brown + blue/black Heat = no
• Lipids

  butter on brown paper

  -no translucent spot

  +translucent spot

  heat = no