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• What are some weather hazards?

  Floods, droughts, fires, tornadoes, avalanches, snowstorms
• Name some geological hazards. Why are they bad for tourism?

  Earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions. They are bad for tourism since they can damage infrastructure and they propose the risk of injury. An area can find it difficult to get tourism levels up after recovering from a major event since tourists might be afraid of a geological hazard happening whilst they are visiting.
• Types of media:

  Social media, newspaper, advertisements, TV/news reports, radio, programmes and films.
• Positive and negative effects of media on tourism.

  Positive: coverage of special events such as the olympics in london in 2012 can generate positive publicity.

  Negative: media can create a negative reputation online, such as Magaluf which is known as a wild party resort.
• Safety measures taken

  Personal safety - prevent theft, getting lost, injury.

  FCO advises people where to avoid.

  Airport safety - luggage gets scanned, people are scanned, passport control.
• Disease and Illness - types, how to prevent and effects on tourism.


  Malaria, cholera, tetanus, norovirus, yellow fever, typhoid.

  Prevent by - vaccines, insect repellent, drinking bottled water instead of tap water, wearing clothes that cover up skin to prevent bites.

  Effects on tourism - people wont want to risk infection, don't want to get vaccinated, and the cost of insurance and vaccines may deter people from visiting certain areas.
• What is recession? Is it good or bad for tourism? Why?

  Slowdown in economic growth in an area.

  Negative impact on tourism because people will have less disposable income to spend and are less likely to book a holiday.
• How to increase tourism?

  Promote a positive image - Visit Britain will do this.

  Security measures to comfort people.

  Provide the public with up to date info such as weather and traffic reports.
• Positive and negative impacts of tourism on a reliant area:

  +-Improved QoL - access to facilities - improved transport and infrastructure - improved cultural awareness.

  --Loss of culture - resentment towards tourists - disruption to daily life - increased crime rates.
• Positive and negative economic impacts of tourism?

  -ve - low paid jobs - seasonal unemployment - increased cost of living.

  +ve - multiplier effect -employment - training and education - foreign currency earnings.
• Positive and negative environmental impacts of tourism?

  -ve - pollution - overcrowding and traffic congestion - reduced biodiversity.

  +ve - conservation - education - open spaces and improved street furniture - regeneration.
• How to behave and dress properly in another country to avoid conflict?

  Know the rules of the area

  Don't openly show affection

  Dress modestly if you have to.
• Economic factor: Fuel costs, Negative or positive?

  Rising fuel costs are a negative impact since the companies have to pass on the price to customers and airlines might limit flights that take off to save fuel and money.
• Natural and man-made attractions?

  Natural - landscape/not built by people - such as Formby beach or the Cliffs of Dover.
• Strategic aims of tourism organisations?


  Expanding - grow and develop by offering more products to sell to more customers.

  to be competitive with other businesses.

  Good customer service to get good reviews.

  Offer discount prices.
• Why should organisations work together?


  Increase sales

  Carry out joint marketing organisations

  Cut costs

  Shared expertise and skills

  Provide good customer care
• What is Boom? Is it good or bad for tourism? Why?

  Boom is a period of economic growth

  good for tourism because people have more disposable income to spend and they are more likely to book a holiday.
• Currency exchange +/- for tourism and why?

  Rates of currency which affect the value of a tourists money when they change it to another currency.

  if it is worth more than their currency they are more likely to visit since less money for more value.
• What is the T.A.L.C? What are the stages of it?


  Tourism Area Life Cycle.

  stages are exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, decline, rejuvenation.
• Promoting tourism What and How?

  Encouraging people to visit a country/area by promoting a positive image. examples are Visit Britain, Visit liverpool
• How to avoid conflict in a foreign country?

  • follow rules for photography
  • basic cultural mannerisms (tipping etiquette)
  • respect local culture
  • make an effort to fit in
• How infrastructure development can benefit locals?

  • better transport links to get to work
  • good Wi-Fi can help locals to access jobs
  • water and sewage will be improved
  • power supply improved
  • better quality buildings
• What is Exploration (talc)?


  When tourism is small scale and the area has been recognised for something unique so small numbers are visiting / newly discovered
• What is involvement? (talc)

  when visitor levels are rising, new local amenities are built such as hotels and restaurants. local population are responding to visitor increase.
• What is development? (TALC)

  visitor numbers rising and the location is promoted as a tourist destination.
• What is a package holiday?

  a holiday where the transport to accommodation is included in the price of the holiday.
• Reasons for travel?

  • Day trips
  • visiting a friend/family
  • Conferences/meetings
  • events
  • short breaks
  • holidays
  • 2 types : leisure/business
• Voluntary sector

  funded by memberships / donations / sale of goods such as merchandise, tickets, or food.

  such as the national trust which is voluntary and funded by over 5 million members
• Public sector?


  funded or owned by local government

  e.g. tropical world leeds is owned by leeds city council.
• Decline or rejuvenation

  decline is where visitors drop drastically, if people do go there its because it is cheap.

  rejuvenation is if a country or area sets an initiative to improve the area and promotes it positively in order to try and get visitor numbers back up.
• Emerging destination

  Visitor numbers low

  they seek adventure

  underdeveloped transport links

  culture is still intact
• Mature destination


  Mass tourism

  good transport links

  established tourist season

  Locals and tourists may not get on

  reliant on tourism

  well promoted
• types of accommodations

  hotel, motel, youth hostels, bunk barns, guest houses, b+b's, villas or apartments.

  serviced and non-serviced.
• Domestic, outbound and inbound tourism?

  Domestic is within your own country

  outbound is going out of your country

  inbound is people going into your country
• negatives or companies working together

  • conflicting aims
  • less flexible
  • slow decision making
  • difficulty in responding to change
• DMO/ Destination management organisations?

  UK regional - VisitCheshire

  UK national - VisitBritain

  UK local - VisitLiverpool

  raising awareness of the destination

  launching new products

  marketing

  funding and sponsorship
• Self-catering?

  kitchen and cooking applies are there but need to buy your own food and cook it, no cleaning services.
• Private sector?

  organisation owned by an individual company.
• Consolidation (TALC)

  area is reliant on tourism, older amenities may become run-down
• advantages of companies working together?

  • shared skills and expertise
  • new ideas
  • shared costs
  • increased publicity