CHALLENGES

• India has a population of 1.3 billion and growing
• India does not have a one child policy like China
• India is not trying to curb its population growth
• Challenges facing India


  • Lack of infrastructure
  • Limited electricity in rural regions
  • Water shortages
  • Contaminated water sources
  • Poor education, especially in rural regions and slums
  • Widespread poverty, with 300 million citizens living on less than $1 per day
• TNCs in India


  Don't pay taxes, leading the government to lower tax rates to attract them, which reduces government revenue for infrastructure projects
• India's position on the world stage


  • Member of the G20
  • Links with European and American companies through outsourcing and FDI
  • Pays into the World Bank and lends money to other countries for development
• India spends a lot of money on military interventions in Kashmir to maintain stability
• India damming rivers leading to Pakistan

  Will reduce water supply for Pakistan's agriculture
• Population pyramid


  A graphical representation of the age and sex distribution of a population
• Pyramid shape population


  • Wide base (high birth rate)
  • Narrow top (high death rate)
  • Youthful population
• Barrel shape population


  • Narrower base (declining birth rate)
  • Fatter middle (longer life expectancy)
  • Taller top (fewer deaths)
• Changes as a country develops

  1. Death rate decreases

  2. Life expectancy increases

  3. Birth rate decreases

  4. Fertility rate decreases

  5. Education and literacy increases
• Increase in GDP and development


  • Shift from primary to secondary industry
  • Increase in taxes and government spending
  • Improvement in healthcare, clean water, vaccinations
• Increase in wealth and development


  • Death rate decreases
  • Life expectancy increases
  • Overall population increases
• Increase in education and opportunities for women


  Birth rate and fertility rate decrease
• Overall population increases as death rates decrease and birth rates/fertility rates decrease over time
• Population pyramid shape changes from pyramid to barrel as a country develops