fossils, antibiotic resistance and extinction

• describe fossils

  remains of organisms from millions of years ago found in rocks
• give formations of fossils

  • mineral replacement
  • casts and impressions
  • preservation
• describe process of antibiotic resistance

  1. mutation allow bacteria antibiotic resistance
  2. antibiotic resistance survive, reproduce and pass on antibiotic resistance
  3. antibiotic resistance strain spread
  4. process repeats
• give ways to control antibiotic resistance

  • complete full course of antibiotics
  • prescribe antibiotics appropriately
  • restrict agricultural use of antibiotics
• describe extinctions 


  no remaining living individuals of species
• give factors affecting extinction

  • quick environmental change
  • new predator
  • new disease
  • natural event