Introduction

• What is the chemistry of living organisms?

  Biochemistry
• True or False: Living organisms are complicated and highly organized.

  True
• True or False: Living organisms contain cells, which possess internal structure that is very important as they contain complex molecules.

  True
• True or False: Each component part of a living organism has a specific purpose or function such as the chemical compounds in a cell.

  True
• True or False: Living organisms have the capacity to extract and transform energy from the environment and build and maintain intricate structure from simple raw materials.

  True
• True or False: Living organisms have the capacity for precise self-replication.

  True
• True or False: The goal of Biochemistry is to determine how the collections of inanimate molecules found in living organisms interact with each other to constitute, maintain and perpetuate the living state.

  True
• Cell Theory

  Schleiden and Schwann
• Study of Inheritance

  Mendel
• Theory of Evolution

  Darwin
• Lead cyanate and ammonia were used for total synthesis of urea.
• Synthesized the first organic compound, urea from inorganic compound.

  Wohler
• Enunciated the Cell Theory.

  Schleiden and Schwann
• Proved that microorganisms cause fermentation.

  Louis Pasteur
• Reported the principles of segregation and independent assortment of genes.

  Mendel
• Discovered DNA.

  Miescher
• Discovered alcoholic fermentation in cell-free yeast extract.

  Buckner
• First used the term Biochemistry.

  Neuberg
• Proposed chemical pathway for fermentation.

  Neuberg
• Developed Kinetic Theory of enzyme action.

  Michaelis and Menten
• First crystallized an enzyme, urease and proved it to be a protein.

  Sumner
• Macromolecule used to diagnose for Atherosclerosis.

  Lipids
• Macromolecule used to diagnose for genetic diseases.

  Nucleic Acids
• Macromolecule used to diagnose for Sickle Cell Anemia.

  Proteins
• Macromolecule used to diagnose for Diabetes Mellitus.

  Carbohydrates
• Name of test for lipids.

  Lipid Profile Test
• Name of test for nucleic acids.

  PCR Testing
• Department that diagnoses for Sickle Cell Anemia.

  Hematology
• Name of test for carbohydrates.

  Blood Sugar Testing
• These are the chemical components of living organisms.

  Biomolecules
• Four major categories of Macromolecules:

  • Nucleic Acids
  • Amino Acids
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
• True or False: Biomolecules can be looked at into two categories:

  • Small Molecules
  • Macromolecules

  True
• Examples of Small Molecules:

  • Metabolites
  • Monomers
• True or False: Macromolecules are built from monomers.

  True
• What type of macromolecules are dominantly seen in cell walls?

  Lipids
• Polysaccharides are large molecules made of many smaller simple sugars.
• An organic compound is one that contains carbon.
• Polysaccharides are carbohydrates, which give large number of monosaccharides on hydrolysis, sucrose, lactose and fructose are examples of.