Lesson 2

• Science as an idea


  Includes ideas, theories, and all available systematic explanations and observations about the natural and physical world
• Science as an intellectual activity


  Encompasses a systematic and practical study of the natural and physical world, involving systematic observation and experimentation
• Science as a body of knowledge


  A subject or a discipline, a field of study or a body of knowledge that deals with the process learning about the world
• Scientific revolution


  Also known as the Period of Enlightenment when the development in physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed the views of society
• The scientific revolution "transformed the natural world and the world of ideas"
• Development of science in Mesoamerica


  • Maya Civilization
  • Inca Civilization
  • Aztec Civilization
• Maya Civilization


  • Lasted for approximately 2000 years
  • Works in astronomy
  • Pyramid at Chichen Itza, Mexico
  • Developed the Mayan Calendar
  • Hydraulic System
  • Uses Mica as pigment
  • Mayan Hieroglyphics
• Inca Civilization


  • Roads paved with stones
  • Stone buildings
  • Irrigation System and technique
  • Calendar with 12 months
  • First suspension bridge
• Aztec Civilization


  • Mandatory Education
  • Chocolates, cacao beans before was used as a form of monetary
  • Antispasmodic Medication
• Development of science in Asia


  • India
  • China
  • Middle East
• Development of science in India


  • Known for manufacturing iron and metallurgical works
• Astronomy in India


  • Spherical Self-supporting Earth
  • 360 days with 12 equal parts
• Mathematics in India


  • Mohenjo Daro Ruler used to measure objects
  • Aryabhatiya by Aryabhata, a book that introduced trigonometric functions, tables, and techniques
  • Brahmagupta, use of zero
  • Madhava of Sangamagrama - father of mathematical analysis
• Development of science in China


  • Acupuncture
  • Compass
  • Gunpowder
  • Printing tools
  • Supernovas, Eclipses, and Comets
  • Seismology - movement of Earth's crust
• Algorithm


  Set of rules followed, process or flow of applying different rules in certain problems
• INCA CIVILIZATION 

  • Calendar with 12 months
• INCA CIVILIZATION 

  • Quipu a system of knotted ropes (e.g to tie documents)
• AZTEC CIVILIZATION 

  • Chinampa - agricultural farming method
• AZTEC CIVILIZATION 

  • Aztec Calendar -has 360 days, and 12 months. Used as basis for their festivals and rituals
• AZTEC CIVILIZATION 

  • Invention of Canoe - a narrow shaped boat
• DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN INDIA

  • AYURVEDA, a system of traditional medicine
• DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN INDIA

  • SUSRUTA SAMHITA, ancient texts that describe different surgical and other medical procedures.
• DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN INDIA

  • SIDDHANTA SHIROMANI - a book containing astronomy
• • Mohenjo Daro Ruler used to measure objects
• • ARYABHATIYA by ARYABHATA, a book that introduced trigonometric functions, tables, and techniques.
• • BRAHMAGUPTA, use of zero
• • MADHAVA of SANGAMAGRAMA father of mathematical analysis 
• DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN CHINA

  • Seismology - movement of Earth's crust
• DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN MIDDLE EAST

  • IBN AL-HAYTHAM - Father of Optics
• • MUHAMMAD IBN MUSA AL-KHWARIZMI - concept of algorithm
• DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN MIDDLE EAST

  • JABIR IBN HAYYAN Father of Chemistry
• DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN MIDDLE EAST

  • IBN SINA pioneer in experimental medicine