beethoven

• background info

  classical

  piano sonata

  bridged gap between classical and romantic periods
• structure

  sonata form

  intro

  exposition (2 main themes introduced)

  development (key chances frequently)

  recapitulation (same as exposition now in same key)

  coda
• dynamics

  wide range

  expressive

  cresendo/ diminuendos

  Fp (loud then immediately soft)

  sforzando (sudden loud accent)
• texture

  homophonic (chordal and melody dominated)

  sometimes monophonic
• melody/ tonality

  theme 1- c minor, scalic, staccato

  theme 2- Eb minor, hand crossing, stepwise

  scalic passages
• harmony

  diatonic

  functional harmony (perfect cadences)

  dissonance and chromatic movement
• rhythm

  dotted rhythms in intro

  syncopation

  staccato and legato sections

  ornamentation (acciaccaturas, mordents , trills)

  pedal notes
• tempo/ metre

  intro- grave 4/4

  main- allegro di molto e con brio 2/2