chap 9 qualitative analysis

• carbon dioxide produces white ppt in limewater.
• lighted splint extinguishes with a 'pop' sound in the presence of hydrogen
• a glowing splint relights in the presence of oxygen
• ammonia turns damp red litmus paper blue
• chlorine bleaches damp litmus paper
• cations (aluminium)

  white ppt is formed, soluble in excess sodium hydroxide solution to form colourless solution

  white ppt is formed, insoluble in excess aqueous ammonia.
• cations (ammonium)

  ammonia produced on warming (sodium hydroxide)
• cations (calcium) 


  no ppt formed in aqueous ammonia

  white ppt formed, insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide
• cations (copper II)


  light blue ppt formed, insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide.

  light blue ppt formed, soluble in excess aqueous ammonia to give dark blue solution.
• cations (iron II)


  green ppt formed, insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide

  green ppt formed, insoluble in excess aqueous ammonia
• cations (iron III)


  red-brown ppt is formed, insoluble in excess sodium hydroxide

  red-brown ppt is formed, insoluble in excess aqueous ammonia
• cations (zinc)

  white ppt formed, soluble in excess sodium hydroxide to give a colourless solution.

  white ppt formed, soluble in excess aqueous ammonia to give a colourless solution
• anions (carbonate)

  add dilute acid - effervescence and carbon dioxide produced.
• anions (chloride)

  add nitric acid and aqueous silver nitrate - white ppt formed.
• anions (sulfate)

  add nitric acid and aqueous barium sulfate - white ppt formed
• anions (nitrate)


  add aqueous sodium hydroxide, then aluminum foil; warm carefully - ammonia produced.