BLOOD BANKING

• GOAL OF BLOOD PRESERVATION:

  Provide a viable and functional blood components for patients requiring blood transfusion.
• 70% of cells that have been transfused should remain viable for 24 hours.
• Antibody - Produced by “Plasma Cells”
• Antigen - The immune response of lymphocytes is triggered by materials called “immunogens
• Immunogen - A substance capable of inducing an antibody response when introduced into the body.
• Immunogen - a foreign substance that can stimulate the production of antibodies (immune response)
• Blood is STORED in the liquid state between 1 ̊C and 6 ̊C for a specific number of days, as determined
• 42 DAYS SHELF LIFE OF CITRATE PHOSPATE ADENINE-2
• 35 days shelf life of citrate phosphate adenine-1 (CPDA-1)
• 2DAYS SHELF LIFE OF HEPARIN
• ACD, CPD, CP2D have a shelf life of 21 days
• citrate - primary anticoagulant
• calcium - removing agent
• dextrose and ATP - provide energy for cells
• citric acid - prevent caramelization
• adenine - improves the survival of RBC
• Samples are collected in plain red (serum), lavender, or pink (plasma) stopper tubes.
• Maximum collection: no more than 10.5ml of whole blood per kilogram of body weight including samples
• donor interval:

  3 months - DOH

  8 weeks - AABB
•  apheresis - procedure collection of platelets from the blood of a donor
• hematocrit and hemoglobin - reflect amount of the blood to the body
• TYPES OF WHOLE BLOOD DONATION:

  • Allogeneic donation

  • Autologous donation
• TYPES OF DONORS:

  • Voluntary

  • Family

  • Paid
• test performed in the blood bank section

  A) indirect antiglobulin test

  B) direct coombs

  C) group and type

  D) panel

  E) type & crossmatch

  F) type and screen

  
• light-spin/hard-spin (LS/HS) method for preparation of platelet concentrates (PC) has been the standard of platelet support
• After blood has been collected from the donor, the blood will be processed or will undergo serological testing (Donor processing) before it could be transfused to a patient
• Medications taken within 48 hours that irreversibly affect platelet function
• Guidelines and regulations for donor selection are written by the FDA and AABB with the College of American pathologists (CAP)
• AABB Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services and the AABB Technical Manual – contains guidelines for donor selection procedure
• Prospective donor is unable to donate blood for a limited period of time - temporary deferral
• Prospective donor is unable to donate blood for someone else for an unspecified period of time due to current regulatory requirements, these donors may be eligible to donate autologous blood - indefinite deferral
• Prospective donor will never be eligible to donate blood for someone else. - permanent deferral
• The test between a prospective recipient of a blood transfusion and his proposed donor is known as the COMPATIBILITY TEST.
• Direct antihuman globulin test (DAT) - test that determines transfusion incompatibility
• Antibody (Ab) screen - agglutination means presence of abnormal antibodies in the blood
• Type and crossmatch shows the blood group and screens for antibodies in the recipient's blood
• Compatibility testing - testing that detects antibodies and antigen in both recipient's and donor's blood
• universal donor: O

  universal recipient: AB

  universal donor for RBCs: O

  universal recipient for RBCs: AB

  universal donor for plasma: AB

  universal recipient for plasma: O
• Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), also known as autologous conditioned plasma
• LIGHT SPIN METHOD

  whole blood when centrifuge produce two components PRP and PRBC. PRP separate high spin and produce 2 components PPP and Platelet Concentrate. When PPP put in the ref temp -18C will be FFP, throwing 1-6C hard spin produce CRYOPOOR PLASMA and CRYOPRECIPITATE .