GEN BIO 3

• CHARLES DARWIN 


  Explained evolution through: natural selection, idea of common descent, idea of gradualism, idea of multiplication of species

  Organisms evolve to develop
• ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE 


  had a correspondence with Darwin regarding the theory of evolution by means of natural selection

  realized that species evolved because the fittest individuals survived and reproduced passing their advantageous
• LAMARCK'S THEORY OF LAMARCKISM

  proposed the theory of evolution based on inheritance of acquired characteristics

  Jean Baptistic Lamarck
• THEORY OF TRANSFORMATION/LAMARCKISM


  is a two-part mechanism by which change was gradually introduced into the species and passed down through generation
• USE AND DISUSE 


  The classical example used to explain the concept of use and disuse is the elongated neck of the giraffe
• LAMARCKIAN INHERITANCE 


  the second part of lamarcks mechanism for evolution involved the inheritance of acquired traits

  the idea that evolutionary change takes place gradually and constantly
• MALTHUS INSPIRED CHARLES DARWIN


  The idea advanced by Malthus that society contains a struggle for existence struck a chord with Darwin
• SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST 


  organisms best adjusted to their environment are the most successful in surviving and reproducing.
• NEO-DARWINISM

  is a modification of the original theory of Darwin to remove its shortcomings
• CYTOCHROME-C 


  an important enzyme found in virtually all organisms
• APOPTOSIS


  programmed cell death
• EVIDENCE FROM MOLECULAR BIOLOGY/BIOCHEMISTRY/DNA HOMOLOGY 


  many organisms have similar molecules of life that suggest descent from a common ancestor with modifications
• HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE 


  structures with the same set of bones that presumably evolved from a common ancestor. They appear different and may have varied functions.
• VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES 


  attributes that have lost most of its ancestral function in more recent species
• BIOGEOGRAPHY


  is the study of the geographical distribution of fossils and living organisms.
• EMBRYOLOGY


  is the study of the development of a an organism from an embryo to its adult form
• EVIDENCE FROM FOSSILS/ PALEONTOLOGY 


  the activities and behavior of ancient life forms left behind fossil traces such as footprints,dungs,gatric stones,nests and burrows
• CLADOGRAM/BRANCHING TREE


  can be made to show the relationship among the organisms.A complex cladogram can be created to show the positions of the organism in the evolutionary tree
• CAROLUS LINNAEUS


  father of taxonomy
• THOMAS MALTHUS


  believed that populations grow geometrically while resources slowly increase or not at all , leading to competition
• GEORGES CUVIER 


  Established extinction through fossils
• JAMES HUTTON


  great age of the earth

  proposed theory of gradualism
• CHARLES LYELL


  proposed the theory of uniformitarianism
• GREGOR MENDEL 


  studied garden peas

  responsible for the law of segregation
• CHARLES DARWIN 


  explained evolution through natural selection

  organisms evolve to adapt
• ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE 


  survival of the fittest

  had a correspondence with Darwin regarding the theory of evolution by means of natural selection
• HUGO DE VRIES 


  rediscovered Mendel's work

  thought of theory of mutation
• CARL CORRENS 


  worked on the behavior of the progeny of racial hybrids
• ERICH VON TSCHERMARK 


  Applied Mendel laws to artificial selection to improve crop yield
• ROSALIND FRANKLIN


  one of the few women during their time to be recognized for her contribution in the scientific

  worked on the x-ray diffraction image of the DNA
• JAMES WATSON AND FRANCIS CRICK 


  discovered that the DNA is a double-stranded helix
• JEAN BAPTISTE DE LAMARCK 


  first to propose about the theory of evolution